Cross-group friendships, the irony of harmony, and the social construction of "discrimination"

• Published in: Ethnic and racial studies Vol. 43; no. 7; pp. 1169 - 1188
• Main Authors: Greenland, Katy, Augoustinos, Martha, Andreouli, Eleni, Taulke-Johnson, Richard
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Routledge 27.05.2020; Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
• Subjects: African cultural groups; Caribbean cultural groups; Classification; Collective action; contact; Discourse; Discrimination; Ethnic relations; Friendship; Group dynamics; Heterosexuality; homophobia; Intergroup relations; Irony; Minority & ethnic groups; Minority groups; Political majority; Racism; Social change; Social construction; stigma
• ISSN: 0141-9870; 1466-4356
• DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2019.1648845

Cross-group friendships are often assumed to be a panacea to intergroup conflict. However, the irony of harmony hypothesis suggests that friendships can have negative consequences for collective action and social change. We complement this research with accounts of cross-group friendship, using interviews and focus groups with minority (African-Caribbean and/ or gay) and majority (White and/ or heterosexual) participants (n = 54). Participants repeatedly deployed "friendship" as an idealized category such that what happened within friendship could not be constructed as discrimination. Majority participants said that anything that happened within friendship could only be a mistake/ misunderstanding that would be easy to rectify. Minority participants struggled to reconcile the category entitlements of friendship with the problematic experiences that they described, but constructing such experiences as "discrimination" presented practical, moral, and rhetorical difficulties. Harmonious cross-group friendship may therefore require that minorities become tolerant to discrimination, while simultaneously enabling majorities to warrant (ill-informed) claims.