Visual attention during the evaluation of facial attractiveness is influenced by facial angles and smile

To examine the changes in visual attention influenced by facial angles and smile during the evaluation of facial attractiveness. Thirty-three young adults were asked to rate the overall facial attractiveness (task 1 and 3) or to select the most attractive face (task 2) by looking at multiple panel s...

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Published inThe Angle orthodontist Vol. 88; no. 3; pp. 329 - 337
Main Authors Kim, Seol Hee, Hwang, Soonshin, Hong, Yeon-Ju, Kim, Jae-Jin, Kim, Kyung-Ho, Chung, Chooryung J
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Edward H. Angle Society of Orthodontists 01.05.2018
Subjects
Dentistry
Original
Esthetics
Perception
Smiling
Face
Eye movement
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Summary:To examine the changes in visual attention influenced by facial angles and smile during the evaluation of facial attractiveness. Thirty-three young adults were asked to rate the overall facial attractiveness (task 1 and 3) or to select the most attractive face (task 2) by looking at multiple panel stimuli consisting of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° rotated facial photos with or without a smile for three model face photos and a self-photo (self-face). Eye gaze and fixation time (FT) were monitored by the eye-tracking device during the performance. Participants were asked to fill out a subjective questionnaire asking, "Which face was primarily looked at when evaluating facial attractiveness?" When rating the overall facial attractiveness (task 1) for model faces, FT was highest for the 0° face and lowest for the 90° face regardless of the smile ( P < .01). However, when the most attractive face was to be selected (task 2), the FT of the 0° face decreased, while it significantly increased for the 45° face ( P < .001). When facial attractiveness was evaluated with the simplified panels combined with facial angles and smile (task 3), the FT of the 0° smiling face was the highest ( P < .01). While most participants reported that they looked mainly at the 0° smiling face when rating facial attractiveness, visual attention was broadly distributed within facial angles. Laterally rotated faces and presence of a smile highly influence visual attention during the evaluation of facial esthetics.
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Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
PhD student, Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
PhD student, Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Gangnam Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
ISSN:0003-3219
1945-7103
DOI:10.2319/080717-528.1