Should patients with complex febrile seizure be admitted for further management?

• Published in: The American journal of emergency medicine Vol. 36; no. 8; pp. 1386 - 1390
• Main Authors: Olson, Heather, Rudloe, Tiffany, Loddenkemper, Tobias, Harper, Marvin B., Kimia, Amir A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.08.2018; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Admission; Anticonvulsants - therapeutic use; Antiepileptic agents; Boston; Child, Preschool; Children; Convulsions & seizures; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Disease management; Drug dosages; EEG; Electroencephalography; Emergency medical care; Emergency medical services; Emergency Service, Hospital - statistics & numerical data; Epilepsy; Febrile seizures; Female; Fever; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Male; Medical imaging; Patients; Pediatrics; Recurrence; Retrospective Studies; Risk assessment; Risk Factors; Seizing; Seizures; Seizures, Febrile - diagnosis; Seizures, Febrile - drug therapy; Severity of Illness Index; Tertiary Care Centers; Triage - statistics & numerical data; Boston; United States > US; Febrile seizures; Admission
• ISSN: 0735-6757; 1532-8171
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.12.059

Children with first complex febrile seizure (CFS) are often admitted for observation. The goals of this study were 1) to assess the risk of seizure recurrence during admission, 2) to determine whether early EEG affects acute management. We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of children 6–60months of age admitted from a Pediatric Emergency Department for first CFS over a 15year period. We excluded children admitted for supportive care of their febrile illness. Data extraction included age, gender, seizure features, laboratory and imaging studies, EEG, further seizures during admission, and antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) given. One hundred eighty three children met inclusion criteria. Seven patients had seizures during the admission (7/183 or 3.8%) Since 38 children were loaded with anti-epileptic medication during their visit, the adjusted rate is 7/145 or 4.8. Increased risk of seizure recurrence during admission was observed in children presenting with multiple seizures (P=0.005). EEG was performed in 104/183 children (57%) and led to change in management in one patient (1%, 95% C.I. 0.05–6%). Six of the 7 children with seizure had an EEG. The study was normal in 3 and findings in the other 2 did not suggest/predict further seizures during the admission. Children with first CFSs are at low risk for seizure recurrence during admission. Multiple seizures at presentation are associated with risk of early recurrence and may warrant an admission. EEG had limited effect on acute management and should not be an indication for admission.