L-histidine controls the hydroxyapatite mineralization with plate-like morphology: Effect of concentration and media

• Published in: Materials Science & Engineering C Vol. 120; p. 111669
• Main Authors: Chauhan, Neelam, Singh, Yashveer
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2021; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Albumins; Amelogenin; Amino acids; Animals; Biological activity; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Biomolecules; Bone and Bones; Bone biomaterials; Bone grafts; Bone growth; Bone Regeneration; Buffer systems; Buffers; Calcification, Physiologic; Cell culture; Cell proliferation; Collagen; Crystal morphology; Dentin; Durapatite; Histidine; Hydroxyapatite; L-histidine; Materials science; Mice; Mineralization; Morphology; Osteoblasts; Osteoconduction; Plate-shaped morphology; Properties (attributes); Proteins; Regeneration; Regeneration (physiology); Substitute bone; Systems analysis; Plate-shaped morphology; L-histidine; Hydroxyapatite; Mineralization; Buffer systems
• ISSN: 0928-4931; 1873-0191
• DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111669

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is the main inorganic component of bone and dentin, and their non-stoichiometric compositions and plate-shaped morphology is responsible for their bioactivity and osteoconductive nature. Collagenous (CPs) and non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) facilitate mineralization and regulate structural properties of HA through their side-chains. The bioactivity of synthetic HA does not usually match with the HA found in bone and, therefore, there is a need to understand the role of biomolecules in bone mineralization in order to develop non-stoichiometric plate-shaped HA for bone grafts. Role of several amino acids has been investigated but the role of L-his has been rarely investigated under physiological conditions even though it is a part of HA inhibitor proteins, like albumin, amelogenin, and histidine-rich proteins. In this study, L-his and L-glu were used to modify the structural properties of HA in different experimental conditions and buffer systems (tris and hepes). The results showed that L-his was able to regulate the plate-shaped morphology of HA in every experimental condition, unlike the L-glu, where the crystal morphology was regulated by experimental conditions. Both amino acids behaved differently in DI water, tris, and hepes buffer, and the media used influenced the precipitation time and structural properties of HA. Hepes and tris buffers also influenced the HA precipitation process. Overall, the studies revealed that L-his may be used as an effective regulator of plate-shaped morphology of HA, instead of large NCPs/proteins, for designing biomaterials for bone regeneration applications and the choice of buffer system is important in designing and evaluating the systems for mineralization. In cell culture studies, mouse osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) showed highest proliferation on the bone-like plate-shaped HA, among all the HA samples investigated. [Display omitted] •Influence of amino acids and buffers on hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization was investigated under physiological conditions•Presence of L-histidine led to the formation of HA with plate-like morphology in all conditions and not with L-glutamic acid•Buffers, such as tris and hepes, also influenced the morphology of HA minerals•Mouse osteoblast precursor cells (MC3T3-E1) exhibited highest proliferation on bone-like plate-shaped HA•The findings may have strong potential in the design of biomaterials for bone regeneration applications