Outcome of Canine Multicentric Lymphoma after Single or Divided Treatment with Cyclophosphamide in Multidrug Chemotherapy

• Published in: Topics in companion animal medicine Vol. 41; p. 100461
• Main Authors: Lee, Jih-Jong, Liao, Albert Taiching, Wang, Shang-Lin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.11.2020; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Acrolein; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating - administration & dosage; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating - adverse effects; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating - therapeutic use; Bacterial infections; Bladder; Bone marrow; canine; Cellular biology; Chemotherapy; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclophosphamide - administration & dosage; Cyclophosphamide - adverse effects; Cyclophosphamide - therapeutic use; Cystitis; Cystitis - chemically induced; Cystitis - veterinary; Disease; Dog Diseases - chemically induced; Dogs; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Hemorrhage; Hemorrhage - chemically induced; Hemorrhage - veterinary; Hemorrhagic cystitis; Histopathology; Lymphatic system; Lymphoma; Lymphoma - drug therapy; Lymphoma - veterinary; Male; Metabolites; Remission; Retrospective Studies; Survival; Survival analysis; Treatment Outcome; Urinalysis; Urinary bladder; Urine; Veterinary medicine; cyclophosphamide; canine; cystitis; chemotherapy; lymphoma
• ISSN: 1938-9736; 1946-9837; 1876-7613
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100461

•The incidence of sterile hemorrhagic cystitis between single full doses and divided doses of cyclophosphamide was not significantly different in treating canine lymphoma with multidrug chemotherapy.•The treatment response and clinical outcome between 2 cyclophosphamide treatment groups were not significantly different.•Administration of cyclophosphamide across multiple days cannot reduce the side effect of cystitis or provide better outcome in lymphoma dogs. Cyclophosphamide is commonly used in combination chemotherapy to treat dogs with lymphoma. The metabolite of cyclophosphamide, acrolein, can irritate urinary bladder and cause sterile hemorrhagic cystitis. Dividing the administration of cyclophosphamide across multiple days may reduce the concentration of this metabolite in urinary bladder and reduce the possibility of cystitis. However, the impact of the therapeutic effect of this modification is not evaluated and compared to traditional single maximum-tolerated dose regimen. Seventy-two dogs with multicentric lymphoma received either bolus doses or divided doses of cyclophosphamide were included in this study. The incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis between 2 cyclophosphamide treatment groups was not significantly different (P = .357). There was no statistical difference in progression-free survival and survival time between 2 groups (P = .267 and P = .346). This modification of cyclophosphamide administration did not reduce the side effect of cystitis or affect remission and survival times in lymphoma dogs.