The contribution of low‐frequency fatigue to the loss of quadriceps contractile function following repeated drop jumps

• Published in: Experimental physiology Vol. 104; no. 11; pp. 1701 - 1710
• Main Authors: Kamandulis, Sigitas, Muanjai, Pornpimol, Skurvydas, Albertas, Brazaitis, Marius, Sniečkus, Audrius, Venckūnas, Tomas, Streckis, Vytautas, Mickeviciene, Dalia, Jones, David A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.11.2019
• Subjects: Contractility; drop jumps; eccentric exercise; Electrical stimuli; excitation–contraction coupling; Fatigue; Isometric; low frequency fatigue; muscle damage; Quadriceps muscle; eccentric exercise; drop jumps; low frequency fatigue; excitation-contraction coupling; muscle damage
• ISSN: 0958-0670; 1469-445X
• DOI: 10.1113/EP087914

New Findings What is the central question of this study? Why do some subjects recover slowly following a bout of eccentric exercise and why is recovery faster following a repeated bout? What is the main finding and its importance? The results are consistent with two major causes of the reduction of quadriceps torque, the onset of low‐frequency fatigue which recovered relatively fast and a second, delayed form of damage. Differences in the delayed damage process largely accounted for the differences in the rate of torque recovery between subjects after a first bout and it was suppression of the delayed damage which accounted for the faster recovery following a repeated bout of eccentric exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which low‐frequency fatigue (LFF) accounts for the loss of quadriceps strength and time course of recovery following a series of drop jumps (DJs). Seventeen female subjects (20.8 ± 1.4 years) undertook 100 DJs, which were repeated 4 weeks later. Maximum isometric torque (MIT) and the ratio of torque generated by 20 and 100 Hz electrical stimulation (20/100), as a measure of LFF, were measured over 7 days following each series of DJs. After the first series the 20/100 ratio fell to a greater extent than MIT (to 35 ± 8.7% and 69 ± 11%, respectively) but recovered over 2–3 days, while MIT showed little recovery over this time. Changes of the 20/100 ratio were similar between subjects with fast or slow MIT recovery. Following the second series of DJs, changes in the 20/100 ratio were similar to those of the first bout and there were no differences between fast and slow recovering subjects. MIT, however, recovered more rapidly than after the first bout; the faster recovery was confined to the subjects who recovered slowly following the first bout. The results are consistent with two major causes of the reduction of quadriceps torque, the onset of low‐frequency fatigue which recovered relatively fast and a second, delayed, form of damage. The latter largely accounted for the differences in MIT recovery between subjects after the first bout, while suppression of the delayed damage accounted for the faster recovery following the repeated bout.