Coal Smoke, City Growth, and the Costs of the Industrial Revolution

Abstract This article provides the first rigorous estimates of how industrial air pollution from coal burning affects long-run city growth. I introduce a new theoretically grounded strategy for estimating this relationship and apply it to data from highly polluted British cities from 1851 to 1911. I...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inThe Economic journal (London) Vol. 130; no. 626; pp. 462 - 488
Main Author Hanlon, W Walker
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Oxford University Press 01.02.2020
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Summary:Abstract This article provides the first rigorous estimates of how industrial air pollution from coal burning affects long-run city growth. I introduce a new theoretically grounded strategy for estimating this relationship and apply it to data from highly polluted British cities from 1851 to 1911. I show that local industrial coal use substantially reduced long-run city employment and population growth. Moreover, a counterfactual analysis suggests that plausible improvements in coal-use efficiency would have led to a higher urbanisation rate in Britain by 1911. These findings contribute to our understanding of the effects of air pollution and the environmental costs of industrialisation.
ISSN:0013-0133
1468-0297
DOI:10.1093/ej/uez055