Vascular Anatomy of the Anteromedial Thigh Flap: A Systematic Review

• Published in: Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open Vol. 10; no. 10; p. e4546
• Main Authors: Sayyed, Adaah A, Abu El Hawa, Areeg A, Huffman, Samuel S, Deldar, Romina, Bekeny, Jenna C, Attinger, Christopher E, Fan, Kenneth L, Evans, Karen K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 01.10.2022; Wolters Kluwer
• Subjects: Original; Reconstructive
• ISSN: 2169-7574; 2169-7574
• DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000004546

While the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is the most commonly employed thigh-based flap for microvascular reconstruction, its counterpart, the anteromedial thigh (AMT) flap, is a useful but underdescribed alternative when ALT perforators are absent or lacking. This review aims to assess the existing literature describing the anatomy and vascular territories supplying the AMT flap. A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were queried for records pertaining to the study question using Medical Subject Heading terms such as "anteromedial thigh flap" and "free tissue transfer." Study characteristics and anatomic descriptors (including number and type of perforators, origin, and pedicle course supplying the AMT flap) were collected. A total of 21 studies representing 723 AMT flaps were identified and included for analysis. Dominant perforators supplying the AMT flap most commonly included the descending lateral circumflex femoral artery (dLCFA; 35%) or the medial branch of the dLCFA (mdLCFA; 33.6%). Average pedicle length ranged from 7.5 to 10.6cm. The majority of AMT perforators were septocutaneous (n = 852, 63.8%) compared with musculocutaneous (n = 483, 36.2%). Perforators to the AMT were absent in 7.6 to 9.1% of clinical cases. The variable vascular anatomy of the AMT flap has prevented its widespread adoption in reconstruction. As knowledge regarding pertinent perforator anatomy of the AMT flap increases, so may its utility as an alternative to the ALT flap. This review summarizes the spectrum of anatomy of the AMT vasculature described in the literature to date.