Sex and estrogen influence drug abuse

Evidence is accumulating that the etiology, epidemiology, consequences and mechanisms that underlie drug abuse are different in males and females. In this review, we present examples of sex differences in all phases of drug abuse, including acquisition, steady-state maintenance, escalation, dysregul...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inTrends in pharmacological sciences (Regular ed.) Vol. 25; no. 5; pp. 273 - 279
Main Authors Carroll, Marilyn E., Lynch, Wendy J., Roth, Megan E., Morgan, Andrew D., Cosgrove, Kelly P.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2004
Subjects
Animals
Behavior, Animal
Conditioning, Operant - drug effects
Conditioning, Operant - physiology
Diet
Disease Models, Animal
Estrogens - physiology
Ethanol - pharmacokinetics
Female
Humans
Locomotion - drug effects
Male
Sex Characteristics
Substance-Related Disorders - etiology
Substance-Related Disorders - physiopathology
Substance-Related Disorders - therapy
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:Evidence is accumulating that the etiology, epidemiology, consequences and mechanisms that underlie drug abuse are different in males and females. In this review, we present examples of sex differences in all phases of drug abuse, including acquisition, steady-state maintenance, escalation, dysregulation, withdrawal, relapse and treatment. Most reported findings are based on laboratory research in animals, but there are corroborating reports from human clinical and epidemiological studies. In all phases of drug abuse, females seem to be more sensitive to the rewarding effects of drugs than males, and estrogen is a major factor that underlies these sex differences.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-1
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
ISSN:0165-6147
1873-3735
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2004.03.011