Photosynthetic Biohybrid Nanoswimmers System to Alleviate Tumor Hypoxia for FL/PA/MR Imaging‐Guided Enhanced Radio‐Photodynamic Synergetic Therapy

• Published in: Advanced functional materials Vol. 30; no. 17
• Main Authors: Zhong, Danni, Li, Wanlin, Qi, Yuchen, He, Jian, Zhou, Min
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.04.2020
• Subjects: Biomedical materials; cancer therapy; Chlorophyll; Fluorescence; Hypoxia; Immersion coating; Iron oxides; Magnetic properties; Magnetic resonance imaging; Materials science; microswimmers; Photodynamic therapy; Photosynthesis; photosynthetic bacteria; Radiation therapy; spirulina platensis, tumor hypoxia; Tumors
• ISSN: 1616-301X; 1616-3028
• DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201910395

Biohybrid microswimmers have recently shown to be able to actively perform in targeted delivery and in vitro biomedical applications. However, more envisioned functionalities of the microswimmers aimed at in vivo treatments are still challenging. A photosynthetic biohybrid nanoswimmers system (PBNs), magnetic engineered bacteria‐Spirulina platensis, is utilized for tumor‐targeted imaging and therapy. The engineered PBNs is fabricated by superparamagnetic magnetite (Fe3O4 NPs) via a dip‐coating process, enabling its tumor targeting ability and magnetic resonance imaging property after intravenous injection. It is found that the PBNs can be used as oxygenerator for in situ O2 generations in hypoxic solid tumors through photosynthesis, modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME), thus improving the effectiveness of radiotherapy (RT). Furthermore, the innate chlorophyll released from the RT‐treated PBNs, as a photosensitizer, can produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species under laser irradiation to achieve photodynamic therapy. Excellent tumor inhibition can be realized by the combined multimodal therapies. The PBNs also possesses capacities of chlorophyll‐based fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging, which can monitor the tumor therapy and tumor TME environment. These intriguing properties of the PBNs provide a promising microrobotic platform for TME hypoxic modulation and cancer theranostic applications. Engineered living Spirulina platensis can be used to target delivery in tumors, relieve tumor hypoxia in situ, and sensitize tumor cells to both radiation and photodynamic therapies simultaneously.