Experimental Determination of Multipartite Entanglement with Incomplete Information

• Published in: Physical review. X Vol. 5; no. 3; p. 031042
• Main Authors: Aguilar, G. H., Walborn, S. P., Ribeiro, P. H. Souto, Céleri, L. C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: College Park American Physical Society 01.09.2015
• Subjects: Complexity; Entangled states; Fragility; Photons; Quantum entanglement; Quantum phenomena; Reconstruction; Subsystems
• ISSN: 2160-3308; 2160-3308
• DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.5.031042

Multipartite entanglement is very poorly understood despite all the theoretical and experimental advances of the last decades. Preparation, manipulation, and identification of this resource is crucial for both practical and fundamental reasons. However, the difficulty in the practical manipulation and the complexity of the data generated by measurements on these systems increase rapidly with the number of parties. Therefore, we would like to experimentally address the problem of how much information about multipartite entanglement we can access with incomplete measurements. In particular, it was shown that some types of pure multipartite entangled states can be witnessed without measuring the correlations [M. Walter et al., Science 340, 1205 (2013)] between parties, which is strongly demanding experimentally. We explore this method using an optical setup that permits the preparation and the complete tomographic reconstruction of many inequivalent classes of three- and four-partite entangled states, and compare complete versus incomplete information. We show that the method is useful in practice, even for nonpure states or nonideal measurement conditions.