Impact of reactive changes on multigene testing: histopathologic analysis of low-grade breast cancers with high-risk 21-gene recurrence scores

• Published in: Breast cancer research and treatment Vol. 203; no. 1; pp. 153 - 161
• Main Authors: Grabenstetter, Anne, Brogi, Edi, Thompson, Donna M., Blinder, Victoria S., Norton, Larry, Morrow, Monica, Robson, Mark E., Wen, Hannah Y.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.01.2024; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics; Biopsy; Breast - pathology; Breast cancer; Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy; Breast Neoplasms - genetics; Breast Neoplasms - pathology; Cancer research; Chemotherapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease-Free Survival; Endocrine therapy; Female; Humans; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local - genetics; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local - pathology; Oncology; Original Laboratory Investigation; Patients; Prognosis; Receptors, Estrogen - analysis; Chemotherapy; Breast cancer; Desmoplasia; Recurrence score; Biopsy site changes
• ISSN: 0167-6806; 1573-7217
• DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07127-3

Purpose The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay predicts the recurrence risk and magnitude of chemotherapy benefit in patients with invasive breast cancer (BC). This study examined low-grade tumors yielding a high-risk RS and their outcomes.Kindly check the edit made in the article titleOk  Methods We compared patients with grade 1 BC and a high-risk RS to those with low-risk RS. Histologic sections were reviewed and features reported to elevate the RS were noted, mainly biopsy cavity and reactive stromal changes (BXC). Results A total of 54 patients had high-risk RS (median RS of 28, range 26–36). On review, BXC were seen in all cases. Thirty BCs in this group also had low to negative PR. Treatment regimens included: chemoendocrine therapy (63%), endocrine therapy alone (31%) and no adjuvant therapy (6%). There were no additional breast cancer events over a median follow-up of 54.0 months (range 6.2 to 145.3). A total of 108 patients had low-risk RS (median RS of 7, range 0–9). BXC were seen in 47% of cases and none were PR negative. One patient had a recurrence at 64.8 months while the rest had no additional events over a median of 68.1 months (2.4 to 100). Conclusion We provide further evidence that reactive stromal changes and/or low-PR scores enhance the elevation of the RS. A high-RS result in low grade, PR-positive BC may not reflect actual risk and any suspected discrepancies should be discussed with the management teams. Multigene testing results should be interpreted after correlation with pathologic findings to optimize patient care.