The fabrication, characterization and functionalization in molecular electronics

• Published in: International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing Vol. 4; no. 2; pp. 22003 - 22045
• Main Authors: Zhao, Yi, Liu, Wenqing, Zhao, Jiaoyang, Wang, Yasi, Zheng, Jueting, Liu, Junyang, Hong, Wenjing, Tian, Zhong-Qun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bristol IOP Publishing 01.06.2022
• Subjects: Charge transport; Circuit design; Construction methods; Electrodes; Electronic components; Electronic devices; Electronics; fabrication and functionalization; Interdisciplinary subjects; Logic circuits; Miniaturization; molecular electronic device; Molecular electronics; molecular junction; Transport properties
• ISSN: 2631-8644; 2631-7990
• DOI: 10.1088/2631-7990/ac5f78

Developments in advanced manufacturing have promoted the miniaturization of semiconductor electronic devices to a near-atomic scale, which continuously follows the ‘top-down’ construction method. However, huge challenges have been encountered with the exponentially increased cost and inevitably prominent quantum effects. Molecular electronics is a highly interdisciplinary subject that studies the quantum behavior of electrons tunneling in molecules. It aims to assemble electronic devices in a ‘bottom-up’ manner on this scale through a single molecule, thereby shedding light on the future design of logic circuits with new operating principles. The core technologies in this field are based on the rapid development of precise fabrication at a molecular scale, regulation at a quantum scale, and related applications of the basic electronic component of the ‘electrode–molecule–electrode junction’. Therefore, the quantum charge transport properties of the molecule can be controlled to pave the way for the bottom-up construction of single-molecule devices. The review firstly focuses on the collection and classification of the construction methods for molecular junctions. Thereafter, various characterization and regulation methods for molecular junctions are discussed, followed by the properties based on tunneling theory at the quantum scale of the corresponding molecular electronic devices. Finally, a summary and perspective are given to discuss further challenges and opportunities for the future design of electronic devices. Molecular electronics is a science that studies the quantum behavior of electrons tunneling in molecules, in which the electric property of a single molecule is an intrinsic fingerprint property strongly correlated to its structure, offering opportunities to develop new operating strategies for electronic devices for future possible solutions to suppress beyond Moore’s Law. The electrode–molecule–electrode junction (molecular junction) is the basic unit and model of molecular electronics, which can be produced by precise fabrication and regulation methods. The basic aspects of fabrication, characterization and functionalization in molecular electronics are described.