A new mechanism of flowering regulation by the competition of isoforms in Osmanthus fragrans

The regulation of flowering time is typically governed by transcription factors or epigenetic modifications. Transcript isoforms can play important roles in flowering regulation. Recently, transcript isoforms were discovered in the key genes, OfAP1 and OfTFL1, of the flowering regulatory network in...

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Published inAnnals of botany Vol. 132; no. 6; pp. 1089 - 1102
Main Authors Li, Yong, Xia, He-Xiao, Cushman, Samuel A, Zhao, Heng, Guo, Peng, Liu, Yan-Pei, Lin, Nan, Shang, Fu-De
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Oxford University Press 05.12.2023
Subjects
Flowers - genetics
Flowers - metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
Protein Isoforms - genetics
Protein Isoforms - metabolism
Research In Context
Transcription Factors - genetics
TFL1
Osmanthus fragrans
AP1
flowering regulation
isoform
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Summary:The regulation of flowering time is typically governed by transcription factors or epigenetic modifications. Transcript isoforms can play important roles in flowering regulation. Recently, transcript isoforms were discovered in the key genes, OfAP1 and OfTFL1, of the flowering regulatory network in Osmanthus fragrans. OfAP1-b generates a full-length isoform of OfAP1-b1 as well as an isoform of OfAP1-b2 that lacks the C-terminal domain. Although OfAP1-b2 does not possess an activation domain, it has a complete K domain that allows it to form heterodimers. OfAP1-b2 competes with OfAP1-b1 by binding with OfAGL24 to create non-functional and functional heterodimers. As a result, OfAP1-b1 promotes flowering while OfAP1-b2 delays flowering. OfTFL1 produces two isoforms located in different areas: OfTFL1-1 in the cytoplasm and OfTFL1-2 in the nucleus. When combined with OfFD, OfTFL1-1 does not enter the nucleus to repress AP1 expression, leading to early flowering. Conversely, when combined with OfFD, OfTFL1-2 enters the nucleus to repress AP1 expression, resulting in later flowering. Tissue-specific expression and functional conservation testing of OfAP1 and OfTFL1 support the new model's effectiveness in regulating flowering. Overall, this study provides new insights into regulating flowering time by the competition of isoforms.
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Yong Li and He-Xiao Xia contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:0305-7364
1095-8290
1095-8290
DOI:10.1093/aob/mcad133