Application of Wasted and Recycled Materials for Production of Stabilized Layers of Road Structures

• Published in: Buildings (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 5; p. 552
• Main Authors: Marinković, Milan, Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras, Matić, Bojan, Jovanović, Stanislav, Das, Dillip Kumar, Sremac, Siniša
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.05.2022
• Subjects: Asphalt pavements; Bakelite; bitumen emulsion; Bitumens; Cement; Cold; cold in-place recycling; Construction; Construction industry; Cost control; Decision making; Emulsions; Environmental impact; Environmental protection; Fly ash; indirect tensile strength; Infrastructure; Mechanical properties; Mixtures; Multiple criterion; Pavements; Ranking; Recycled materials; Recycling; Sensitivity analysis; Slag; Storage modulus; Supply chain management; Supply chains; Sustainability; sustainable supply chain; Tensile strength; Vinyl resins; waste and recycled materials; Waste materials; Zeolites; Poland; Serbia
• ISSN: 2075-5309; 2075-5309
• DOI: 10.3390/buildings12050552

The construction industry, as one of the most complex sectors, depends on using wasted and recycled materials, timely decision-making, and adequate execution of all activities in supply chains. This paper presents tests of mixtures for cold in-place recycling where existing material is used. In this research, we used cement and bitumen emulsion as well as fly ash, zeolite, slag, and Bakelite. A total of seven mixtures were tested in order to increase sustainability. It was tested the indirect tensile strength and dynamic modulus of elasticity after seven and 28 days for dry specimens, after 28 days for water-saturated specimens and for specimens exposed to frost. After completing the tests using the MEREC (MEthod based on the Removal Effects of Criteria) and CoCoSo (Combined Compromise Solution) multi-criteria model, mixtures were evaluated and ranked in terms of mechanical properties, price, and environmental protection. Considering the ranking of mixtures using the CoCoSo method, the highest quality mixtures, for most combinations of weight factors, are mixtures with slag, mixtures with fly ash, and mixtures with 2% of cement and 2% of bitumen emulsion. Sensitivity analysis was also performed with new simulated values of the criteria in order to determine the individual influence of the criteria on the ranking of mixtures. The conclusions are as follows: the use of bitumen emulsion, cement, waste materials, and other materials in cold recycling would reduce the cost of recycling pavement structures, increase environmental protection, while the mechanical properties of the pavement structures are within acceptable limits.