A Large‐Scale Retrospective Study of Serum Des‐Gamma‐Carboxy Prothrombin as a Diagnostic Marker of HCC: Effect of Liver Function on Specificity

• Published in: Journal of clinical laboratory analysis Vol. 39; no. 10; pp. e70025 - n/a
• Main Authors: Bu, Hongying, Luo, Weijia, Tao, Wenli, Dong, Chen, Wang, Meifang, Ye, Xu, Zeng, Xi, Wang, Boqing, Liu, Chang, Yu, Qi, Cao, Deliang, Deng, Hongyu, Nan, Yuemin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley and Sons Inc 01.05.2025
• Subjects: Adult; AFP; Aged; Biomarkers - blood; Biomarkers, Tumor - blood; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - blood; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - diagnosis; DCP; Female; HCC; Humans; Liver Function Tests; Liver Neoplasms - blood; Liver Neoplasms - diagnosis; Liver Neoplasms - epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Precursors - blood; Prothrombin; Retrospective Studies; retrospective study; Sensitivity and Specificity; serum biomarker; DCP; HCC; AFP; serum biomarker; retrospective study
• ISSN: 0887-8013; 1098-2825; 1098-2825
• DOI: 10.1002/jcla.70025

ABSTRACT Background This retrospective multicenter study is aimed at evaluating the diagnostic accuracy and influence factors of serum des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) as a diagnostic biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Clinical data were collected from 4555 subjects with DCP tests, composed of primary liver cancer (PLC), metastatic liver cancer (MLC), chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC), benign liver diseases (BLD), biliary tract diseases (BTD), non‐liver cancers (NLC), and non‐liver benign diseases (NLBD). The clinical data collected included medical history, treatment records, various serum tests, and imaging examination. Results Serum DCP was measured with Abbott agents in each center. In HCC, serum DCP concentration was at 9086.00 ± 366.10 mAU/mL, higher than that in other diseases (p < 0.05). At 40.00 mAU/mL recommended by instruction, positive rates of serum DCP were at 85.11% in HCC, 30.12% in intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC), 31.65% in MLC, 13.95% in BLD, 18.14% in CH, 27.87% in LC, 15.75% in BTD, 35.29% in NLC, and 20.00% in NLBD. In this study, the diagnostic specificity of serum DCP in HCC was affected by liver function. In HCC, serum AFP concentrations also increased compared to non‐HCC diseases (p < 0.05), but specificity varied with agents from different providers. Serum DCP decreased after the surgical removal of HCC, but remained elusive in systemic treatment. Conclusion Serum DCP may serve as an optimal biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC, but its accuracy appears influenced by liver function; attention needs to be paid to the liver function of patients for false positivity. Serum DCP may serve as an optimal biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC, but its accuracy appears to be influenced by liver function. The serum DCP may also serve as a biomarker for liver resection and interventional therapy of HCC, but is not promising for systemic treatment.