Single drop microextraction in a 96-well plate format: A step toward automated and high-throughput analysis

• Published in: Analytica chimica acta Vol. 1063; pp. 159 - 166
• Main Authors: Mafra, Gabriela, Vieira, Augusto A., Merib, Josias, Anderson, Jared L., Carasek, Eduardo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 31.07.2019; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: 96-well plate; Acetonitrile; Benzophenone; Bisphenol A; Dilution; Endocrine disrupters compounds; High-throughput; Ionic liquids; Ions; Magnetic ionic liquids; Mathematical analysis; Parallel single drop microextraction; Propyl paraben; Sample preparation; Triclocarban; High-throughput; Sample preparation; Endocrine disrupters compounds; Parallel single drop microextraction; Magnetic ionic liquids; 96-well plate
• ISSN: 0003-2670; 1873-4324; 1873-4324
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.013

In this study, an innovative and high-throughput parallel-single-drop microextraction (Pa-SDME) using the [P6,6,6,14+]2[MnCl42−] magnetic ionic liquid (MIL) as extraction phase is demonstrated, for the first time, in the determination of methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, bisphenol A, butylparaben, benzophenone and triclocarban from environmental aqueous samples. This experimental setup comprised of a 96-well plate system containing a set of magnetic pins which aided in stabilizing the MIL drops and enabled the simultaneous extraction of up to 96 samples. Using this low-cost experimental apparatus, the sample throughput was lower than 1 min per sample. This novel approach exhibits a number of advantages over classical SDME approaches, particularly in maintaining a stable solvent microdrop and facilitating high-throughput analysis. Experimental conditions were carefully optimized using one-factor-at-a-time and multivariate designs. The optimal conditions employed 5.38 ± 0.55 mg (n = 10) of MIL, a sample volume of 1.5 mL at pH 6, and dilution in 20 μL of acetonitrile. The analytical parameters of merit were determined under the optimized conditions and highly satisfactory results were achieved, with LODs ranging from 1.5 to 3 μg L−1 and coefficients of determination higher than 0.994. Intraday and interday precision ranged from 0.6 to 21.3% (n = 3) and 10.4–20.2% (n = 9), respectively, with analyte relative recovery in three aqueous samples ranging between 63% and 126%. [Display omitted] •A novel magnetic ionic liquid-based methodology named Parallel Single Drop Microextraction (Pa-SDME) is proposed.•The semi-automated methodology exhibited high-throughput and environmentally-friendly aspects.•This configuration allows for the extraction of up to 96 samples simultaneously.•Very satisfactory stability and analytical performance were obtained.