Impact of subzero temperatures on survival, longevity, and natality of adult Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), exists in North America as an anholocyclic population presumably derived from a single clone. We investigated the cold tolerance of aphids of this population to enable prediction of the likelihood of overwintering in western Canada and the northern U...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inEnvironmental entomology Vol. 26; no. 3
Main Authors Butts, R.A, Schaalje, G.B
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published 01.06.1997
Subjects
COLD
CONGELACION
CONGELATION
DIURAPHIS NOXIA
ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE
ESTRES
EXPOSURE
FECUNDITY
FERTILIDAD
FERTILITE
FERTILITY
FREEZING
FRIO
FROID
LONGEVIDAD
LONGEVITE
LONGEVITY
MORTALIDAD
MORTALITE
MORTALITY
OVERWINTERING
REPRODUCCION
REPRODUCTION
RESISTANCE A LA TEMPERATURE
RESISTENCIA A LA TEMPERATURA
STRESS
SUPERVIVENCIA
SURVIE
SURVIVAL
TEMPERATURA AMBIENTAL
TEMPERATURE AMBIANTE
TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE
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Summary:Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), exists in North America as an anholocyclic population presumably derived from a single clone. We investigated the cold tolerance of aphids of this population to enable prediction of the likelihood of overwintering in western Canada and the northern United States. The relationships between cold and subsequent survival and reproduction were determined. Adults were exposed to -1, -5, -10, -15, and -20 degrees C for various lengths of time. Aphids tolerated exposure to -1 and -5 degrees C for up to 15 and 10 d, respectively, without increased mortality. At -10 degrees C and lower, a significant proportion of the exposed population died within 24 h. Life expectancies of aphids held at constant -1, -5, -10, -15, and -20 degrees C were 26.5, 20.8, 6.8, 4.8, and 3.2 d compared with 31 d for those held at + 10 degrees C. Calculation of conditional mortality is proposed as a unique method for estimating recovery after cold exposure. Recovery was complete after 25 d at -1 degree C and after 20 d at -5 degrees C, but it was incomplete after exposure to -10 degrees C. There was no recovery after exposure to -15 and -20 degrees C. Exposure to cold influenced the net reproductive rate in a temperature-dependent manner, but exposure to -1 and -5 degrees C did not affect daily fecundity. Exposure to -20 degrees C for 1 d halted all reproduction. We conclude that in western Canada and the northern United States. Russian wheat aphid populations can overwinter when snowcover maintains epigeal temperatures between 0 and -5 degrees C. Exposure to temperatures below -1 degree C will lead to catastrophic declines in field populations. These findings are consistent with observations from previous field studies
Bibliography:H10
1997061281
ISSN:0046-225X
1938-2936
DOI:10.1093/ee/26.3.661