Laboratory and Astronomical Detection of the SiP Radical (X2Π i ): More Circumstellar Phosphorus

• Published in: Astrophysical journal. Letters Vol. 940; no. 1; p. L11
• Main Authors: Koelemay, L. A., Burton, M. A., Singh, A. P., Sheridan, P. M., Bernal, J. J., Ziurys, L. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Austin The American Astronomical Society 01.11.2022; IOP Publishing
• Subjects: Argon; Astrochemistry; Asymptotic giant branch stars; Chemical abundances; Circumstellar envelopes; Evolved stars; Frequency ranges; Interstellar molecules; Laboratories; Millimeter waves; Modelling; Molecular spectroscopy; Phosphorus; Radiative transfer; Silicon; Vapor phases; Wave spectra
• ISSN: 2041-8205; 2041-8213
• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac9d9b

Abstract The millimeter-wave spectrum of the SiP radical (X 2 Π i ) has been measured in the laboratory for the first time using direct-absorption methods. SiP was created by the reaction of phosphorus vapor and SiH 4 in argon in an AC discharge. Fifteen rotational transitions ( J + 1 ← J ) were measured for SiP in the Ω = 3/2 ladder in the frequency range 151–533 GHz, and rotational, lambda doubling, and phosphorus hyperfine constants determined. Based on the laboratory measurements, SiP was detected in the circumstellar shell of IRC+10216, using the Submillimeter Telescope and the 12 m antenna of the Arizona Radio Observatory at 1 mm and 2 mm, respectively. Eight transitions of SiP were searched: four were completely obscured by stronger features, two were uncontaminated ( J = 13.5 → 12.5 and 16.5 → 15.5), and two were partially blended with other lines ( J = 8.5 → 7.5 and 17.5 → 16.5). The SiP line profiles were broader than expected for IRC+10216, consistent with the hyperfine splitting. From non-LTE radiative transfer modeling, SiP was found to have a shell distribution with a radius ∼300 R * , and an abundance, relative to H 2 , of f ∼ 2 × 10 −9 . From additional modeling, abundances of 7 × 10 −9 and 9 × 10 −10 were determined for CP and PN, respectively, both located in shells at 550–650 R * . SiP may be formed from grain destruction, which liberates both phosphorus and silicon into the gas phase, and then is channeled into other P-bearing molecules such as PN and CP.