Systematic Review of In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Bacillus anthracis, 1947-2019

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a high-consequence bacterial pathogen that occurs naturally in many parts of the world and is considered an agent of biowarfare or bioterrorism. Understanding antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of B. anthracis isolates is foundational to trea...

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Published inClinical infectious diseases Vol. 75; no. Suppl 3; pp. S373 - S378
Main Authors Maxson, Tucker, Kongphet-Tran, Thiphasone, Mongkolrattanothai, Thitipong, Travis, Tatiana, Hendricks, Katherine, Parker, Corinne, McLaughlin, Heather P, Bugrysheva, Julia, Ambrosio, Frank, Michel, Pierre, Cherney, Blake, Lascols, Christine, Sue, David
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Oxford University Press 17.10.2022
Subjects
Anthrax - epidemiology
Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use
Bacillus anthracis
Bioterrorism
Humans
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Supplement
Bacillus anthracis
susceptibility testing
preparedness
antimicrobial resistance
bioterrorism
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Summary:Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is a high-consequence bacterial pathogen that occurs naturally in many parts of the world and is considered an agent of biowarfare or bioterrorism. Understanding antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of B. anthracis isolates is foundational to treating naturally occurring outbreaks and to public health preparedness in the event of an intentional release. In this systematic review, we searched the peer-reviewed literature for all publications detailing antimicrobial susceptibility testing of B. anthracis. Within the set of discovered articles, we collated a subset of publications detailing susceptibility testing that followed standardized protocols for Food and Drug Administration-approved, commercially available antimicrobials. We analyzed the findings from the discovered articles, including the reported minimal inhibitory concentrations. Across the literature, most B. anthracis isolates were reported as susceptible to current first-line antimicrobials recommended for postexposure prophylaxis and treatment. The data presented for potential alternative antimicrobials will be of use if significant resistance to first-line antimicrobials arises, the strain is bioengineered, or first-line antimicrobials are not tolerated or available.
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ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1093/cid/ciac520