Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with primary hypertension: a study from south India

• Published in: Hypertension research Vol. 43; no. 5; pp. 389 - 395
• Main Authors: Kuchulakanti, Pramod Kumar, Chaudhuri, Jaydip Ray, Annad, Urmila, Samala, Naveen Reddy, Tallapaneni, Lakshumaiah, Balaraju, Banda, Bandaru, VCS Srinivasarao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Nature Publishing Group 01.05.2020
• Subjects: Alcoholism; Blood pressure; C-reactive protein; Cerebrovascular disease; Health risk assessment; Hypertension; Inflammation; Proteins; Risk factors; Seasons; Statistical analysis; Vitamin D; Vitamin deficiency; India; CRP; Hypertension; Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D
• ISSN: 0916-9636; 1348-4214; 1348-4214
• DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0394-4

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Recent studies have identified an association between low vitamin D levels and hypertension. We investigated the association between vitamin D levels and hypertension in the general population. We recruited 400 hypertensive subjects and compared them with 400 age- and sex-matched normotensive subjects. This study was carried out at Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, India from January 2015 to December 2017. Both groups underwent risk factor evaluation, estimation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and liver function tests. Out of the 400 hypertensive subjects, 164 (40.2%) had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency, compared with 111 (27.7%) normotensive subjects (p = 0.0001). Deficiency of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in hypertensive subjects was significantly associated with CRP positivity, low levels of mean serum calcium, low levels of mean serum phosphorous, high levels of mean alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.0001), and abnormal alanine transaminase (ALT) (p = 0.0015) compared with the same parameters in the normotensive subjects. After adjustment in the multiple logistic regression analysis, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency (odds: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.31-2.41), CRP positivity (odds: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.48-2.32) and abnormal ALT (odds: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.98-1.94) were significantly associated with hypertension. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with hypertension.