JSC-1A lunar soil simulant: Characterization, glass formation, and selected glass properties

• Published in: Journal of non-crystalline solids Vol. 356; no. 44; pp. 2369 - 2374
• Main Authors: Ray, C.S., Reis, S.T., Sen, S., O'Dell, J.S.
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier B.V 01.10.2010; Elsevier
• Subjects: Ceramics; Chemical composition; Condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties; Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties; Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science; rheology; DTA; Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions; Exact sciences and technology; Glass; Glass formation; Glass transitions; Glasses (including metallic glasses); Lunar soil simulant; Lunar soils; Magnetic resonances and relaxations in condensed matter, mössbauer effect; Materials science; Moon; Mössbauer; Mössbauer effect; other γ-ray spectroscopy; Other materials; Physics; Specific materials; Specific phase transitions; Thermal expansion; Volcanic ash; XRD; Yttria stabilized zirconia; DTA; Mössbauer; XRD; Lunar soil simulant; Glass formation; Moessbauer effect; Chemical analysis; Material processing; Cooling rate; Thermogravimetry; Glass; Moessbauer spectroscopy; Differential thermal analysis; Iron; Stabilized zirconia; Ceramics; Coatings; Glass transition; Dilatometry; Volcanic ash; Thermal expansion coefficient; Chemical composition; Alumina; Melts
• ISSN: 0022-3093; 1873-4812
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.04.049

The chemical composition of a volcanic ash deposited near Flagstaff, Arizona, USA closely resembles that of the soil from the Maria geological terrain of the Moon. After mining and processing, this volcanic ash was designated as JSC-1A lunar simulant, and made available by NASA to the scientific research community in support of its future exploration programs on the lunar surface. The present paper describes characterization of the JSC-1A lunar simulant using DTA, TGA, XRD, chemical analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy and the feasibility of developing glass and ceramic materials using in-situ resources on the surface of the Moon. The overall chemical composition of the JSC-1A lunar simulant is close to that of the actual lunar soil collected by Apollo 17 mission, and the total iron content in the simulant and the lunar soil is nearly the same. The JSC-1A lunar simulant contains both Fe 2+ (∼ 76%) and Fe 3+ (∼ 24%) ions as opposed to the actual lunar soil which contains only Fe 2+ ions, as expected. The glass forming characteristics of the melt of this simulant as determined by measuring its critical cooling rate for glass formation suggests that the simulant easily forms glass when melted and cooled at nominal rates between 50 and 55 °C/min. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass measured by dilatometry is in close agreement with that of alumina or YSZ, which makes the glass suitable for use as a coating and sealing material on these ceramics. Potential applications envisaged up to this time of these glass/ceramics on the surface of the Moon are also discussed.