Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

• Published in: Iranian journal of psychiatry Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 119 - 129
• Main Authors: Hernandez-Bustamante, Milton, Cjuno, Julio, Hernández, Ronald M, Ponce-Meza, Jacqueline C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Iran Psychiatry & Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2024; Tehran University of Medical Sciences
• Subjects: Borderline Personality Disorder; Dialectical Behavior Therapy; Original; Randomized Controlled Trial; Suicidal Ideation; Systematic Review; Borderline Personality Disorder; Suicidal Ideation; Randomized Controlled Trial; Dialectical Behavior Therapy; Systematic Review
• ISSN: 1735-4587; 2008-2215; 1735-4587; 2008-2215
• DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v19i1.14347

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious public health problem. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a program that has provided encouraging results for its treatment. However, scientific evidence about its efficacy is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to describe the scientific production on the components of the DBT program and its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of people with BPD. A systematic review with relevant keywords was conducted based on studies available in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed until June 2023, including studies in English, research on therapeutic intervention, studies with a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design that included people with the diagnosis of BPD. We found 18 RCTs, most of which supported the effectiveness of DBT for BPD. There were a total of 1,755 participants in these studies, most of whom were women. These studies looked for treating self-injurious behaviors, suicidal thoughts or ideations, number of visits to emergency services, and frequency of hospital admissions. Most studies revealed that both short-term DBT and standard DBT improved suicidality in BPD patients with small or moderate effect sizes, lasting up to 24 months after the treatment period. Furthermore, these studies showed that DBT can significantly improve general psychopathology and depressive symptoms in patients with BPD. Improvement of compliance, impulsivity, mood instability, as well as reduction in hospitalization rate are other findings observed in the trials following DBT. Although DBT shows efficacy in the treatment of BPD, heterogeneity in the methodologies employed is highlighted. Therefore, it is necessary to design studies from a homogeneous theoretical and methodological framework.