Cosmic-Ray-driven Multiphase Gas Formed via Thermal Instability

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal Vol. 931; no. 2; pp. 140 - 156
• Main Authors: Huang, Xiaoshan, Jiang, Yan-fei, Davis, Shane W.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 01.06.2022; IOP Publishing
• Subjects: Astrophysics; Circumgalactic medium; Clouds; Cold; Cold gas; Cooling; Cosmic ray showers; Cosmic rays; Dynamic structural analysis; Energy sources; Entrainment; Field strength; Fluid flow; Galactic winds; Gas pressure; Interstellar medium; Magnetic fields; Magnetohydrodynamic simulation; Momentum; Multiphase; Outflow; Shredding; Thermal instability; Wind
• ISSN: 0004-637X; 1538-4357
• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac69dc

Abstract Cosmic rays (CRs) are an important energy source in the circumgalactic medium that impact the multiphase gas structure and dynamics. We perform two-dimensional CR-magnetohydrodynamic simulations to investigate the role of CRs in accelerating multiphase gas formed via thermal instability. We compare outflows driven by CRs to those driven by a hot wind with equivalent momentum. We find that CR-driven outflow produces lower density contrast between cold and hot gas due to nonthermal pressure support, and yields a more filamentary cloud morphology. While entrainment in a hot wind can lead to cold gas increasing due to efficient cooling, CRs tend to suppress cold gas growth. The mechanism of this suppression depends on magnetic field strength, with CRs either reducing cooling or shredding the clouds by differential acceleration. Despite the suppression of cold gas growth, CRs are able to launch the cold clouds to observed velocities without rapid destruction. The dynamical interaction between CRs and multiphase gas is also sensitive to the magnetic field strength. In relatively strong fields, the CRs are more important for direct momentum input to cold gas. In relatively weak fields, the CRs impact gas primarily by heating, which modifies gas pressure.