More Variable Quasars Have Stronger Emission Lines

• Published in: The Astrophysical journal Vol. 911; no. 2; pp. 148 - 159
• Main Authors: Kang, Wen-Yong, Wang, Jun-Xian, Cai, Zhen-Yi, Ren, Wen-Ke
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Philadelphia The American Astronomical Society 01.04.2021; IOP Publishing
• Subjects: Accretion; Accretion disks; Active galactic nuclei; Amplitudes; Astrophysics; Black holes; Broadband; Correlation; Correlation analysis; Emission analysis; Emission lines; Emissions; Light curve; Luminosity; Quasars; Red shift; Sky surveys (astronomy); Spectral energy distribution; Statistical analysis; Supermassive black holes; Turbulence; Variability
• ISSN: 0004-637X; 1538-4357
• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abeb69

Abstract UV/optical variation, likely driven by accretion disk turbulence, is a defining characteristic of type 1 active galactic nuclei and quasars. In this work we investigate an interesting consequence of such turbulence using quasars in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 for which the measurements of the UV/optical variability amplitude are available from ∼10 yr long light curves. We discover positive correlations between the UV/optical variability amplitude σ rms and equivalent widths of C iv , Mg ii , and [O iii ]5007 emission lines. Such correlations remain statistically robust through partial correlation analyses, i.e., after controlling the effects of other variables including bolometric luminosity, central supermassive black hole mass, Eddington ratio, and redshift. This, for the first time, indicates a causal link between disk turbulence and emission line production. We propose two potential underlying mechanisms, both of which may be involved: (1) quasars with stronger disk turbulence have on average a bluer/harder broadband spectral energy distribution, an expected effect of the disk thermal fluctuation model; (2) stronger disk turbulence could lead to the launch of emission line regions with larger covering factors.