Reallocating desk workers’ sitting time to standing or stepping: associations with work performance

• Published in: Occupational medicine (Oxford) Vol. 73; no. 9; pp. 575 - 580
• Main Authors: Lin, C-Y, Shibata, A, Ishii, K, Koohsari, M J, Hadgraft, N, Dunstan, D W, Owen, N, Oka, K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: UK Oxford University Press 30.12.2023
• Subjects: Humans; Middle Aged; Occupational Health; Original Papers; Sedentary Behavior; Self Report; Sitting Position; Surveys and Questionnaires; Work Performance; Workplace
• ISSN: 0962-7480; 1471-8405; 1471-8405
• DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad142

Abstract Background Studies have suggested that sitting time at work may lead to underperformance but they may underestimate the benefits to desk workers’ performance of reducing occupational sitting time without considering the relative effects of the specific activities replaced. Aims To estimate differences in work performance (presenteeism, absenteeism and engagement) when occupational sitting time is reallocated to standing/stepping in desk workers. Methods Data for middle-aged desk workers were from a Japan-wide online survey (n = 2228). Self-report proportion of occupational sitting and standing/stepping, work hours and work performance indicators, including absolute (ratings relating only to self) and relative (ratings of self, compared to others) presenteeism and absenteeism, and dimensions of work engagement, were collected. Partition and isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate the associations of occupational sitting and standing/stepping time with work performance, including their reallocation effects. Results In partition models, longer occupational sitting time was associated with a lower absolute presenteeism score (i.e. less productivity), lower absolute absenteeism (i.e. longer-than-expected work hours), and lower engagement. Longer occupational standing/stepping time was associated with lower absolute absenteeism and more engagement. Isotemporal substitution models showed that each hour of occupational sitting reallocated to standing/stepping was favourably associated with overall work engagement (B = 0.087; 95% confidence interval 0.051, 0.122) and its dimensions (B ranged from 0.078 to 0.092), but was not associated with presenteeism or absenteeism. Conclusions These findings suggest that management support and practical initiatives to encourage desk workers to replace portions of their sitting time with standing/stepping may contribute to enhanced work engagement. This study estimated differences in work performance (presenteeism, absenteeism and engagement) when occupational sitting time is reallocated to standing/stepping in desk workers. We found that time of occupational sitting reallocated to standing/stepping was favourably associated with overall and dimensions of work engagement but not presenteeism or absenteeism. These findings suggest that management support and practical initiatives to encourage desk workers to replace their sitting time with standing/stepping may contribute to enhanced work engagement.