The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO3]

Although the highest possible oxidation states of all transition elements are rare, they are not only of fundamental interest but also relevant as potentially strong oxidizing agents. In general, the highest oxidation states are found in the electron‐rich late transition elements of groups 7–9 of th...

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Published inAngewandte Chemie International Edition Vol. 61; no. 38; pp. e202207688 - n/a
Main Authors Silva Santos, Mayara, Stüker, Tony, Flach, Max, Ablyasova, Olesya S., Timm, Martin, Issendorff, Bernd, Hirsch, Konstantin, Zamudio‐Bayer, Vicente, Riedel, Sebastian, Lau, J. Tobias
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 19.09.2022
EditionInternational ed. in English
Subjects
Absorption spectroscopy
Chemical speciation
Gas Phase
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Oxidation
Oxidation State
Oxides
Oxidizing agents
Periodic table
Rhodium
Transition metals
Valence
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Gas Phase
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Oxides
Oxidation State
Rhodium
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Summary:Although the highest possible oxidation states of all transition elements are rare, they are not only of fundamental interest but also relevant as potentially strong oxidizing agents. In general, the highest oxidation states are found in the electron‐rich late transition elements of groups 7–9 of the periodic table. Rhodium is the first element of the 4d transition metal series for which the highest known oxidation state does not equal its group number of 9, but reaches only a significantly lower value of +6 in exceptional cases. Higher oxidation states of rhodium have remained elusive so far. In a combined mass spectrometry, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum‐chemical study of gas‐phaseRhOn+ (n=1–4), we identify RhO3+ as the 1A1' trioxidorhodium(VII) cation, the first chemical species to contain rhodium in the +7 oxidation state, which is the third‐highest oxidation state experimentally verified among all elements in the periodic table. Teaming up with technetium and ruthenium, rhodium is the third element of the 4d series to form the rare +7 oxidation state, the third‐highest oxidation state among all elements. Here, gas‐phase X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, combined with quantum‐chemical calculations, are used to elucidate RhO3+ as a 1A1' trioxido rhodium(VII) cation in D3h point group symmetry, the first chemical species with rhodium in the +7 oxidation state.
ISSN:1433-7851
1521-3773
DOI:10.1002/anie.202207688