Triazoles and Their Derivatives: Chemistry, Synthesis, and Therapeutic Applications

Among the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, triazoles emerge with superior pharmacological applications. Structurally, there are two types of five-membered triazoles: 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Due to the structural characteristics, both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles are able to accom...

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Published inFrontiers in molecular biosciences Vol. 9; p. 864286
Main Authors Matin, Mohammed M., Matin, Priyanka, Rahman, Md. Rezaur, Ben Hadda, Taibi, Almalki, Faisal A., Mahmud, Shafi, Ghoneim, Mohammed M., Alruwaily, Maha, Alshehri, Sultan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 25.04.2022
Subjects
anticancer agents
azide–alkyne cycloaddition
cefatrizine
isomeric triazoles
microwave-assisted green synthesis
Molecular Biosciences
pharmacological applications
SARS-CoV-2
isomeric triazoles
azide–alkyne cycloaddition
microwave-assisted green synthesis
cefatrizine
pharmacological applications
triazole–thiazole hybrids
anticancer agents
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Summary:Among the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, triazoles emerge with superior pharmacological applications. Structurally, there are two types of five-membered triazoles: 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Due to the structural characteristics, both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles are able to accommodate a broad range of substituents (electrophiles and nucleophiles) around the core structures and pave the way for the construction of diverse novel bioactive molecules. Both the triazoles and their derivatives have significant biological properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitubercular, anticancer, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant activities. These are also important in organocatalysis, agrochemicals, and materials science. Thus, they have a broad range of therapeutic applications with ever-widening future scope across scientific disciplines. However, adverse events such as hepatotoxicity and hormonal problems lead to a careful revision of the azole family to obtain higher efficacy with minimum side effects. This review focuses on the structural features, synthesis, and notable therapeutic applications of triazoles and related compounds.
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Edited by: Mohammad Arshad, Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia
Afzal Basha Shaik, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, India
Reviewed by: Zhe-shan Quan, Yanbian University, China
This article was submitted to Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, a section of the journal Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
ISSN:2296-889X
2296-889X
DOI:10.3389/fmolb.2022.864286