Learning Curves and Mathematical Models for Interventional Ultrasound Basic Skills

• Published in: Anesthesia and analgesia Vol. 106; no. 2; pp. 568 - 573
• Main Authors: Filho, Getúlio Rodrigues de Oliveira, Helayel, Pablo Escovedo, Conceição, Diogo Brüggemann da, Garzel, Ivo Sebastião, Pavei, Patrícia, Ceccon, Maurício Sperotto
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hagerstown, MD International Anesthesia Research Society 01.02.2008; Lippincott
• Subjects: Adult; Anesthesia; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Cattle; Clinical Competence - standards; Female; Humans; Internship and Residency - methods; Internship and Residency - standards; Learning; Male; Medical sciences; Models, Theoretical; Phantoms, Imaging - standards; Ultrasonography, Interventional - methods; Ultrasonography, Interventional - standards; Learning; Mathematical model; Anesthesia
• ISSN: 0003-2999; 1526-7598; 1526-7598
• DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3181605412

We aimed to construct learning curves and mathematical learning models for ultrasound basic skills: optimizing needle-ultrasound beam alignment and reaching a target inside a phantom. Thirty subjects participated in the study. Each subject performed 25 trials. Linear ultrasound probes and a bovine muscular phantom were used. In Experiment 1, subjects tried to insert a needle parallel to the ultrasound beam with full imaging of the needle. For Experiment 2, a segment of tendon was inserted longitudinally into the phantom at a depth of 1 to 1.5 cm. Subjects tried to insert the needle until contacting the tendon. Learning curves were constructed using the cumulative sum (cusum) method. Bush and Mosteller's mathematical learning models were constructed for each skill. Only 30% and 11% of subjects attained proficiency in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. The predicted average numbers of trials to achieve 95% success rates as estimated from Bush and Mosteller's models were 37 and 109, respectively. Learning interventional ultrasound basic skills may require a considerable number of trials. Cusum charts revealed that individuals acquire such abilities at variable rates. As skills were assessed in phantoms, our results do not apply to blocks given to real patients.