A Review on the Role of Silicon Treatment in Biotic Stress Mitigation and Citrus Production

This paper reviews the threat of citrus pathogens during citrus production, with a focus on two pre-harvest diseases, citrus leaf spot, caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. (1912) and brown rot, caused by Phytophthora citrophthora (R.E. Sm. and E.H. Sm.) Leonian, (1906) as well as green and...

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Published inAgronomy (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 11; p. 2198
Main Authors Mvondo-She, Mireille Asanzi, Gatabazi, Auges, Laing, Mark Delmege, Ndhlala, Ashwell Rungano
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.11.2021
Subjects
Acids
Alternaria
Alternaria alternata
Blue mold
Brown rot
citrus
Citrus fruits
Crop diseases
Crops
Cultivars
Enzymes
Fertilizers
Flowers & plants
Fruits
Fungi
Green mold
Harvest
Harvesting
Insects
Leafspot
Mitigation
Mold
Nutrition
Pathogens
Penicillium digitatum
Penicillium italicum
Phytophthora
Phytophthora citrophthora
Plant diseases
Plant resistance
Post-harvest decay
Proteins
Rice
Silica
Silicon
Stress
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Summary:This paper reviews the threat of citrus pathogens during citrus production, with a focus on two pre-harvest diseases, citrus leaf spot, caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. (1912) and brown rot, caused by Phytophthora citrophthora (R.E. Sm. and E.H. Sm.) Leonian, (1906) as well as green and blue mold post-harvest disease, caused by Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc. and P. italicum Wehmer, (1894), respectively. Furthermore, it reviews the role of soluble silicon, Si nutrition in biotic stress mitigation and potential mitigation mechanisms. Previous studies on the use of Si fertilizers have focused on high accumulator Si crops. These have demonstrated the potential of Si to reduce the occurrence of biotic stresses, which takes place through both physical and biochemical mechanisms. However, few studies have demonstrated the potential of Si to mitigate biotic stress in citrus, or the mechanisms involved. There is a clear need for studies on the impact of Si on various stress biochemical pathways in plants generally, and specifically for citrus due to the huge loss caused by pre- and post-harvest pathogens. This will assist in deepening our understanding of the pathophysiology which is essential to develop resistant cultivars.
ISSN:2073-4395
2073-4395
DOI:10.3390/agronomy11112198