Organic load and hydraulic regime influence over the bacterial community responsible for the nitrogen cycling in bed media of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland

• Published in: Ecological engineering Vol. 95; pp. 180 - 188
• Main Authors: Pelissari, Catiane, dos Santos, Mayara Oliveira, Rousso, Benny Zuse, Bento, Alessandra Pellizzaro, de Armas, Rafael Dutra, Sezerino, Pablo Heleno
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.10.2016
• Subjects: Bacteria; Denitrifying bacteria; Microcosms; Nitrifying bacteria; Nitrobacter; Pseudomonas; Vertical flow constructed wetland; Wastewater; Bacteria; Denitrifying bacteria; Vertical flow constructed wetland; Nitrifying bacteria; Wastewater; Microcosms
• ISSN: 0925-8574; 1872-6992
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.079

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the organic loading rate (OLR) and the hydraulic regime on the nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial community present in the bed media of vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) employed as urban wastewater treatment solution. Two microcosms filled with sand (d10=0.3mm and uniformity coefficient=6.2) simulated the vertical profile of VFCW and were monitored for 360days. Microcosm 1 was operated with a constant OLR of 41g COD m−2d−1 and with an average hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 72mmd−1. Microcosm 2 was operated with a constant HLR of 170.5mmd−1 and with an average OLR of 104g COD m−2d−1. After 180days feeding weekly, an intermittent regime with 30days of feeding followed by 30days of rest period was adopted. In total, 7 periods were monitored (4 periods of feeding and 3 periods of rest). At the end of each period, the total, nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial communities were characterized using FISH technique. At the end of the experiment, genome sequencing of the bacterial community was performed at the surface and bottom of the two microcosms. The OLR and the HLR significantly affected microcosms’ performance and bacterial community structure. Rest periods did not affect Bacteria domain abundance. However, they presented an influence on nitrifying bacteria abundance. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria abundance (Nitrososmas sp and AOB β-proteobacteria) was higher in microcosm 1 in feeding (15%) and rest (3%), periods when compared to microcosm 2 (9% and 1% for feeding and rest periods). The same dynamics were observed for nitrite oxidizing bacteria (Nitrobacter sp, Nitrospirae and Nistrospina gracilis), with relative abundance of 18% and 10% for microcosm 1, and 8% and 4% for microcosm 2, in feeding and rest periods, respectively. Differently from nitrifying bacteria dynamics, a higher abundance of denitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas spp.) was observed in rest periods (12% for microscom 1 and 18% for microcosm 2) than in feeding periods (2% for microcosm 1 and 10% for microcosm 2). The identification of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in both microcosms can indicate the process of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification.