Micro-Tapered Fiber Few-Mode Interferometers Incorporated by Molecule Self-Assembly Fiber Grating for Temperature Sensing Applications

We demonstrate fiber few-mode interferometers based on a self-assembly surface corrugated grating using charged nano-particles. Initially, an abrupt taper (AT) was first created using a micro flame. The AT was then further outwardly stretched to make an elongated uniformed taper until the tapered di...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inPhotonics Vol. 9; no. 2; p. 96
Main Authors Zhou, Haimiao, Suo, Lina, Peng, Ya-Pei, Yang, Fan, Ren, Shijie, Chen, Nan-Kuang, Lu, Xinhe, Rahman, B.M.A., Grattan, K.T.V.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2022
Subjects
charged nano-particles
few-mode interferometer
fiber grating
Gratings (spectra)
Heat
Interference
Interferometers
Ion beams
Lasers
Methods
molecule self-assembly
Nanoparticles
Optical properties
Self-assembly
Systems stability
tapered fiber
Tapering
Temperature sensors
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Summary:We demonstrate fiber few-mode interferometers based on a self-assembly surface corrugated grating using charged nano-particles. Initially, an abrupt taper (AT) was first created using a micro flame. The AT was then further outwardly stretched to make an elongated uniformed taper until the tapered diameter achieved a micron scale. The high order core modes (HOCMs) were excited at the AT and the optical path difference (OPD) among the modes was enlarged through the uniformed taper to achieve the few-mode interference effects seen. However, to significantly enhance the interference effects with higher extinction ratios (ER) over such a short length of interferometer, an external assisted grating was made using charged nanoparticles to form surface corrugated grating with a period, Λ, of approximately 14 μm. This intermediate period of the fiber grating was helpful in scattering and attenuating some unwanted high-order modes to change the optical characteristics of the few-mode interferometer (FMI). This FMI with a self-assembly fiber grating (SAFG) was further used to make fiber temperature sensors, with a maximum resonant wavelength shift of 4.6 nm, over a temperature range from 20–60 °C. The temperature sensitivity achieved was 112.6 pm/°C and the coefficient of determination, R2, was as high as 0.99, which revealed the high linearity of the results.
ISSN:2304-6732
2304-6732
DOI:10.3390/photonics9020096