Distribution and Health Hazards of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Egyptian Milk and Dairy-Based Products

• Published in: Beverages (Basel) Vol. 4; no. 3; p. 63
• Main Authors: Rawash, El-Shaimaa, Mohamed, Gehad, Souaya, Eglal, Khalil, Lele, El-Chaghaby, Ghadir, El-Gammal, Mohamed
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2018
• Subjects: Benzo(a)pyrene; Beverages; Carcinogens; Cheese; Children; Dairy products; estimated daily intake (EDI); Food; Food safety; Gas chromatography; Health hazards; Health risks; Heat treatment; mass spectrometry; Milk; Milk products; Nutrition research; Pollutants; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s); Pyrene; QuEChERS extraction; Sodium; Urine; Yogurt; Italy; Cairo Egypt; United States > US; Egypt
• ISSN: 2306-5710; 2306-5710
• DOI: 10.3390/beverages4030063

In a market-basket study conducted in Cairo, Egypt, the most commonly consumed milk products were sampled and the contents of 13 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed using gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer detector. The obtained data showed that the total amount of 13 PAHs was within the range of 1.3–8.2 µg/g. The results proved that the, highest mean levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in powdered milk (8.2 μg/g) followed by ultra-heat treatment milk and milk beverages (6.07 μg/g). The lowest level was detected in unsmoked cheese and yogurt (1.3 μg/g). Estimated daily intake (EDI) was used to estimate the carcinogenic risk. The total mean estimated daily intake for children in different age categories (1–10 years) was calculated with respect to benzo[a]pyrene, which ranged from 0.058 to 0.31 mg/day. The total mean value of EDI for the sum of seven carcinogenic PAHs in terms of benzo[a]pyrene ranged from 0.61 to 1.22 mg/day in all age categories. These results were higher than the critical limit set by the European Food Safety Authority. Therefore, there should be concerns regarding the effects of the consumption of different milk products on the local population.