The tempo of trait divergence in geographic isolation: Avian speciation across the Marañon Valley of Peru
Geographic isolation is considered essential to most speciation events, but our understanding of what controls the pace and degree of phenotypic divergence among allopatric populations remains poor. Why do some taxa exhibit phenotypic differentiation across barriers to dispersal, whereas others do n...
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Published in | Evolution Vol. 69; no. 3; pp. 772 - 787 |
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Main Authors | , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.03.2015
Society for the Study of Evolution Oxford University Press |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Geographic isolation is considered essential to most speciation events, but our understanding of what controls the pace and degree of phenotypic divergence among allopatric populations remains poor. Why do some taxa exhibit phenotypic differentiation across barriers to dispersal, whereas others do not? To test factors controlling phenotypic divergence in allopatry, we employed a comparative phylogeographic approach consisting of replicates of ecologically similar Andean bird species isolated across a major biogeographic barrier, the Marañon Valley of Peru. Our study design leverages variation among codistributed taxa in their degree of plumage, morphometric, and vocal differentiation across the Marañon to examine the tempo of phenotypic evolution. We found that substantial plumage difference between populations required roughly two million years to evolve. In contrast, morphometric trait evolution showed greater idiosyncrasy and stasis. Our results demonstrate that despite a large degree of idiosyncrasy in the relationship between genetic and phenotypic divergence across taxa and environments, comparative studies within regions may reveal predictability in the pace of phenotypic divergence. Our results also suggest that social selection is important for driving differentiation of populations found in similar environments. |
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Bibliography: | Servicio Nacional de Forestal y de Fauna Sylvestre of Peru - RD No. 363-2009-AG-DGFFS-DGEFFS; No. 0523-2011-AG-DGFFS-DGEFFS; No. 0547-2011-AG-DGFFS-DGEFFS; No. 008-2014-SERFOR-DGGSPFFS-DGSPFS ArticleID:EVO12607 Supporting Information Text. Supporting methodology and results.Appendix S1. Samples used in genetic analysis.Appendix S2. Specimens used in plumage and morphometric analyses.Appendix S3. Recordings used in vocal analysis.Appendix S4. GenBank accession numbers or sample numbers of 15 additional taxa included from published studies.Figure S1. Illustrations, phylogenies, and sampling maps of each species. Figure S2. Sampling locality maps for spectrophotometric, morphometric and vocal analyses. Figure S3. Plumage patches used for spectrophotometric analysis. Figure S4. Plumage distance in tetrahedral color space versus genetic distance across the Marañon. Figure S5. Plumage scores versus genetic (patristic) distance across the Marañon for the main study taxa and 15 additional taxa from GenBank. Table S1. Total scores from plumage scoring analysis (main study taxa). ark:/67375/WNG-GZSZBXCK-R Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas - RJ No. 001-2011-SERNANP-SNTN istex:72F868B7C4A910164D9E50AED700CC887AD3DF70 National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement - No. DEB 1311449 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0014-3820 1558-5646 |
DOI: | 10.1111/evo.12607 |