Evaluation of prechromatographic oxidation for liquid chromatographic determination of paralytic shellfish poisons in shellfish

• Published in: Journal of AOAC International Vol. 78; no. 2; p. 514
• Main Authors: Lawrence, J.F. (Bureau of Chemical Safety, Ottawa, ON, Canada), Menard, C, Cleroux, C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.03.1995
• Subjects: ANIMAL GLANDS; Animals; Biological Assay; Bivalvia - chemistry; BOGAVANTE; CHROMATOGRAPHIE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; Chromatography, Liquid - methods; CROMATOGRAFIA; decarbamoylsaxitoxin; DINOPHYCEAE; DINOPHYTA; GLANDE ANIMALE; GLANDULAS ANIMALES; gonyautoxins; HEPATOPANCREAS; HIDROGENO; HOMARD; HYDROGEN; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; HYDROGENE; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; LOBSTERS; MEJILLON; Mice; MOULE; MUSSELS; neosaxitoxins; Nephropidae - chemistry; NERVOUS SYSTEM; NEUROTOXINS; OXIDACION; OXIDATION; Oxidation-Reduction; OXYDATION; PEROXIDO DE HIDROGENO; PEROXYDE D'HYDROGENE; saxitoxin; Saxitoxin - analogs & derivatives; Saxitoxin - analysis; Shellfish - analysis; SISTEMA NERVIOSO; SYSTEME NERVEUX; TOXINAS; TOXINE; TOXINS
• ISSN: 1060-3271; 1944-7922
• DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/78.2.514

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method employing prechromatographic oxidation for the determination of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) toxins was evaluated. A number of changes to an earlier method resulted in improved separation and quantitation of most PSP analogues. Modification of the periodate oxidation reaction for the N-hydroxy-containing toxins led to improved sensitivity and stability of the products, enabling automated overnight analyses. These changes also enabled quantitation of gonyautoxins 1 and 4 (together) in the presence of gonyautoxins 2 and 3. Decarbamoylsaxitoxin can be identified and quantitated after peroxide oxidation. A cleanup step using a strong-anion-exchange column removed the C toxins and B-2 from the extracts and enabled a more accurate quantitation of gonyautoxins 1 and 4 and neosaxitoxin. Chiral chromatography, employing a reversed-phase column and chiral mobile-phase additives (copper-proline complex), was briefly evaluated for the separation of the oxidation products of the isomer pairs, gonyautoxins 1 and 4 and gonyautoxins 2 and 3. A comparison of the method with the mouse bioassay for the determination of PSP in lobster hepatopancreas (58 samples) showed a reasonable correlation (0.90) over a concentration range of 40-500 micrograms/100 g (saxitoxin equivalents), although the LC results were consistently higher than the mouse bioassay values by about 40%.