Modulation of gene expression profile following consumption of high-dairy products in subjects with hyperinsulinemia

• Published in: Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases Vol. 33; no. 1; pp. 219 - 226
• Main Authors: Khorraminezhad, Leila, Rudkowska, Iwona
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2023
• Subjects: blood; Canada; dairy consumption; Dairy Products; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - genetics; Diet; gene expression; gene expression regulation; Gene profiling; Humans; Hyperinsulinemia; Hyperinsulinism - diagnosis; Hyperinsulinism - genetics; inflammation; insulin; metabolism; microarray technology; mitogen-activated protein kinase; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; olfactory receptors; Pathway analysis; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; protective effect; risk; RNA; Transcriptome; Canada; Pathway analysis; Hyperinsulinemia; Dairy products; Gene profiling
• ISSN: 0939-4753; 1590-3729; 1590-3729
• DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.10.015

Dysregulation of gene expression is associated to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Further, research indicates that dairy consumption may potentially affect gene expression. The aim of this study was to examine if genes and pathways associated with T2D are differentially changed in subjects with hyperinsulinemia after high dairy (HD) diet. Ten obese patients with hyperinsulinemia who consumed HD (4 servings/day according to the Canadian Food Guide (2007)) for six weeks participated in this study. Before and after HD consumption, fasting blood samples were collected. Blood was taken in PAX-gene tubes and RNA was extracted and analyzed using Clariom S microarrays. Results indicated that 236 genes (137 up-regulated and 99 down-regulated; fold change (FC) ≥ ±1.2; p < 0.05) were expressed differentially between before and after HD intake. Genes related to pathways associated with insulin signaling and inflammation, such as olfactory receptor activity, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), phosphatidylinositol-3-OHKinase (PI3K)/AKT2 (PI3K-AKT2), Ras signaling, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) were altered following HD. Overall, results suggest a potential protective effect of HD intake in individuals at risk of T2D through modification of gene expression profiles. NCT02961179. •Regulation of 236 genes changed after high-dairy intake using microarray techniques.•Molecular pathways associated to glucose homeostasis were modified after high-dairy intake.•A potential protective effect of high dairy consumption was observed among individuals at risk of T2D.