Implant surface analysis and microbiologic evaluation of failed implants retrieved from smokers

• Published in: The Journal of oral implantology Vol. 33; no. 4; pp. 232 - 238
• Main Authors: Shibli, Jamil Awad, Vitussi, Thales Rodrigo Colombo, Garcia, Ricardo Vieira, Zenóbio, Elton Gonçalves, Ota-Tsuzuki, Claudia, Cassoni, Alessandra, Piattelli, Adriano, d'Avila, Susana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Allen Press Inc 01.08.2007
• Subjects: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans - isolation & purification; Bacteria; Bacteroides - isolation & purification; Bacteroides forsythus; Biofilms; Body fluids; Calcium - analysis; Campylobacter rectus; Campylobacter rectus - isolation & purification; Carbon - analysis; Dental Implants - microbiology; Dental Materials - chemistry; Dental Restoration Failure; Dentistry; Eikenella corrodens; Eikenella corrodens - isolation & purification; Electron microscopes; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Fusobacterium nucleatum - isolation & purification; Gram-Negative Bacteria - classification; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oxygen - analysis; Phosphorus - analysis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Porphyromonas gingivalis - isolation & purification; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella intermedia - isolation & purification; Scanning electron microscopy; Smoking; Sodium - analysis; Studies; Surface Properties; Titanium - chemistry; Treponema denticola; Treponema denticola - isolation & purification
• ISSN: 0160-6972; 1548-1336
• DOI: 10.1563/1548-1336(2007)33[232:isaame]2.0.co;2

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiota and surface of failed titanium dental implants from 4 manufacturers. Twelve mobile dental implants were retrieved from 10 smokers after 3 to 10 years of functional loading. Before implant removal, microbial samples were taken and evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. After implant removal, analyses of the failed implant surfaces were performed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer x-ray. Periodontal pathogens such as Aggregactibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were detected in all implants in different proportions. Surface analysis showed varying degrees of surface roughness between the samples and the presence of proteinaceous material, appearing mainly as dark stains. Foreign carbon, oxygen, sodium, calcium, aluminum, and silicon elements were also found. Although no material-related causes of implant failure were detected, several periodontal pathogens were identified independently of the surface topography or manufacturer.