The vacuolization of macrophages induced by large amounts of inorganic nanoparticle uptake to enhance the immune response
Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), particularly iron oxide (IO) and gold (Au) NPs, are widely used in a variety of biomedical applications, such as diagnosis and cancer therapy. As an important component of host defense in organisms, macrophages play a crucial role in responding to foreign substances, s...
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Published in | Nanoscale Vol. 11; no. 47; pp. 22849 - 22859 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
England
Royal Society of Chemistry
21.12.2019
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Abstract | Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), particularly iron oxide (IO) and gold (Au) NPs, are widely used in a variety of biomedical applications, such as diagnosis and cancer therapy. As an important component of host defense in organisms, macrophages play a crucial role in responding to foreign substances, such as nanoparticles. Thus, it is of utmost importance to understand the nanotoxicity effects on the immune system by investigating the influences of such nanoparticles. In this study, we found that macrophages can take up large amounts of amphiphilic polymer (PMA)-modified Au and IO NPs, which will induce macrophage cell vacuolization and enhance macrophage polarization. This mechanism is an essential part of the immune response
in vivo
. In addition, we report that smaller-sized nanoparticles (
ca.
4 nm) show more significant effects on the macrophage polarization and caused lysosomal damage compared to larger nanoparticles (
ca.
14 nm). Moreover, the amount of NP uptake in macrophages decreases upon trapping the PMA with PEG, resulting in reduced vacuolization and a reduced immune response. We hypothesize that vacuoles are formed in large amounts during NP uptake by macrophages, which enhances the immune response and induces macrophages toward M1 polarization. These findings are potentially useful for disease treatment and understanding the immune response when NPs are used
in vitro
and
in vivo
.
The vacuolization induced by PMA-coated NPs enhanced the immune response towards M1 polarization and caused lysosomal damage. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), particularly iron oxide (IO) and gold (Au) NPs, are widely used in a variety of biomedical applications, such as diagnosis and cancer therapy. As an important component of host defense in organisms, macrophages play a crucial role in responding to foreign substances, such as nanoparticles. Thus, it is of utmost importance to understand the nanotoxicity effects on the immune system by investigating the influences of such nanoparticles. In this study, we found that macrophages can take up large amounts of amphiphilic polymer (PMA)-modified Au and IO NPs, which will induce macrophage cell vacuolization and enhance macrophage polarization. This mechanism is an essential part of the immune response in vivo. In addition, we report that smaller-sized nanoparticles (ca. 4 nm) show more significant effects on the macrophage polarization and caused lysosomal damage compared to larger nanoparticles (ca. 14 nm). Moreover, the amount of NP uptake in macrophages decreases upon trapping the PMA with PEG, resulting in reduced vacuolization and a reduced immune response. We hypothesize that vacuoles are formed in large amounts during NP uptake by macrophages, which enhances the immune response and induces macrophages toward M1 polarization. These findings are potentially useful for disease treatment and understanding the immune response when NPs are used in vitro and in vivo. Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), particularly iron oxide (IO) and gold (Au) NPs, are widely used in a variety of biomedical applications, such as diagnosis and cancer therapy. As an important component of host defense in organisms, macrophages play a crucial role in responding to foreign substances, such as nanoparticles. Thus, it is of utmost importance to understand the nanotoxicity effects on the immune system by investigating the influences of such nanoparticles. In this study, we found that macrophages can take up large amounts of amphiphilic polymer (PMA)-modified Au and IO NPs, which will induce macrophage cell vacuolization and enhance macrophage polarization. This mechanism is an essential part of the immune response in vivo . In addition, we report that smaller-sized nanoparticles ( ca. 4 nm) show more significant effects on the macrophage polarization and caused lysosomal damage compared to larger nanoparticles ( ca. 14 nm). Moreover, the amount of NP uptake in macrophages decreases upon trapping the PMA with PEG, resulting in reduced vacuolization and a reduced immune response. We hypothesize that vacuoles are formed in large amounts during NP uptake by macrophages, which enhances the immune response and induces macrophages toward M1 polarization. These findings are potentially useful for disease treatment and understanding the immune response when NPs are used in vitro and in vivo . The vacuolization induced by PMA-coated NPs enhanced the immune response towards M1 polarization and caused lysosomal damage. Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), particularly iron oxide (IO) and gold (Au) NPs, are widely used in a variety of biomedical applications, such as diagnosis and cancer therapy. As an important component of host defense in organisms, macrophages play a crucial role in responding to foreign substances, such as nanoparticles. Thus, it is of utmost importance to understand the nanotoxicity effects on the immune system by investigating the influences of such nanoparticles. In this study, we found that macrophages can take up large amounts of amphiphilic polymer (PMA)-modified Au and IO NPs, which will induce macrophage cell vacuolization and enhance macrophage polarization. This mechanism is an essential part of the immune response in vivo . In addition, we report that smaller-sized nanoparticles ( ca. 4 nm) show more significant effects on the macrophage polarization and caused lysosomal damage compared to larger nanoparticles ( ca. 14 nm). Moreover, the amount of NP uptake in macrophages decreases upon trapping the PMA with PEG, resulting in reduced vacuolization and a reduced immune response. We hypothesize that vacuoles are formed in large amounts during NP uptake by macrophages, which enhances the immune response and induces macrophages toward M1 polarization. These findings are potentially useful for disease treatment and understanding the immune response when NPs are used in vitro and in vivo . |
Author | Liu, Bin Song, Jie Zhang, Amin Hong, Yuping Fan, Sisi Cui, Daxiang Zhang, Qian Cheng, Jin Guo, Jinghui |
AuthorAffiliation | Department of gastroenterology Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai JiaoTong University Department of Instrument Science and Engineering Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Department of Instrument Science and Engineering – name: Shanghai Jiao Tong University – name: School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering – name: Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering – name: Department of gastroenterology – name: Shanghai JiaoTong University – name: Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital – name: Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jin surname: Cheng fullname: Cheng, Jin – sequence: 2 givenname: Qian surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Qian – sequence: 3 givenname: Sisi surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Sisi – sequence: 4 givenname: Amin surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Amin – sequence: 5 givenname: Bin surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Bin – sequence: 6 givenname: Yuping surname: Hong fullname: Hong, Yuping – sequence: 7 givenname: Jinghui surname: Guo fullname: Guo, Jinghui – sequence: 8 givenname: Daxiang surname: Cui fullname: Cui, Daxiang – sequence: 9 givenname: Jie surname: Song fullname: Song, Jie |
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SubjectTerms | Animals Biomedical materials Cell Movement Cell Proliferation Cell Survival Cytoplasm - metabolism Ferric Compounds - chemistry Gold Gold - chemistry Immune system Immune System - drug effects Inorganic Chemicals - chemistry Iron oxides Macrophage Activation Macrophages Macrophages - drug effects Macrophages - immunology Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry Mice Nanoparticles Nanoparticles - chemistry Particle Size Polarization Polymers - chemistry RAW 264.7 Cells Vacuoles - metabolism |
Title | The vacuolization of macrophages induced by large amounts of inorganic nanoparticle uptake to enhance the immune response |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31755508 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2321686283 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2317599879 |
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