Hemodynamics of short-duration light-intensity physical exercise in the prefrontal cortex of children: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 15587 - 10
• Main Authors: Naito, Takashi, Oka, Koichiro, Ishii, Kaori
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 06.07.2024; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 692/499; 692/700; Adolescent; Adolescents; Blood flow; Cerebral blood flow; Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology; Child; Children; Cognitive ability; Exercise - physiology; Female; Functional near-infrared spectroscopy; Hemodynamics; Hemodynamics - physiology; Hemoglobin; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Infrared spectroscopy; Light-intensity physical activity; Male; multidisciplinary; Oxygenated hemoglobin; Oxyhemoglobins - metabolism; Prefrontal cortex; Prefrontal Cortex - blood supply; Prefrontal Cortex - physiology; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared - methods; Spectrum analysis; Children; Prefrontal cortex; Oxygenated hemoglobin; Light-intensity physical activity; Adolescents; Functional near-infrared spectroscopy
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66598-6

Identifying the types of exercise that enhance cerebral blood flow is crucial for developing exercise programs that enhance cognitive function. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the amount of light-intensity, short-duration exercises that individuals can easily perform on cerebral blood flow, particularly in children. We examined the effects of these exercises on the hemodynamics of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Participants comprised 41 children (aged 12.1 ± 1.5 years, 37% female) who engaged in seven light-intensity exercises, with each movement performed in two patterns lasting 10 or 20 s. Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) levels at rest and during exercise were compared using analysis of covariance, with sex and age as covariates. Significant increases in oxy-Hb were observed in multiple regions of the PFC during all forms of exercise (including dynamic and twist stretching [66.6%, 8/12 regions, η 2  = 0.07–0.27], hand and finger movements [75.0%, 9/12 regions, η 2  = 0.07–0.16], and balance exercises (100.0%, 6/6 regions, η 2  = 0.13–0.25]), except for static stretching with monotonic movements. This study implies that short-duration, light-intensity exercises, provided that they entail a certain degree of cognitive and/or physical demands, can activate the PFC and increase blood flow.