Discipline and Empower: The State Governance of Migrant Domestic Workers

• Published in: American sociological review Vol. 86; no. 6; pp. 1043 - 1065
• Main Author: Parreñas, Rhacel Salazar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.12.2021; American Sociological Association
• Subjects: Biopolitics; Domestic service; Education policy; Educational Policy; Exercise; Foucauldian analysis; Governance; Immigration policy; Internal migration; Labor migration; Labor standards; Management; Migrant workers; Migrants; Migration; Participant observation; Philippino; Power; Public administration; Punishment; Southeast Asian cultural groups; Well being; Workers; Workshops; migrant domestic work; sending states; Arab states; migration governance; Philippines
• ISSN: 0003-1224; 1939-8271
• DOI: 10.1177/00031224211032906

How do states manage their populations? Some scholars see the state as primarily governing through punishment, but how might the state engage in other forms of disciplining subjects? I address these questions by exploring the state management of labor migration through interviews and participant observation of compulsory government workshops. I look at the case of Filipino domestic workers in Arab states. States are said to exercise bio-power when they market and discipline migrants to be competitive and compliant workers, in the process ignoring migrant vulnerabilities. In contrast, this article establishes that sending states attend to migrant vulnerabilities. In addition to bio-power, states also exercise pastoral power, caring for the well-being of migrants through the creation of labor standards, regulation of migration, and education policies. This analysis extends our understanding of the state management of migration as well as the state management of populations as it advances Foucault’s discussion of the exercise of power.