Climate model shows large-scale wind and solar farms in the Sahara increase rain and vegetation

• Published in: Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 361; no. 6406; pp. 1019 - 1022
• Main Authors: Li, Yan, Kalnay, Eugenia, Motesharrei, Safa, Rivas, Jorge, Kucharski, Fred, Kirk-Davidoff, Daniel, Bach, Eviatar, Zeng, Ning
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States The American Association for the Advancement of Science 07.09.2018
• Subjects: Albedo; Anthropogenic factors; Climate change; Climate models; Drag reduction; Feedback; Friction reduction; Human influences; Positive feedback; Precipitation; Rainfall; Renewable energy; Scale (ratio); Solar energy; Solar farms; Solar power; Solar power generation; Surface properties; Vegetation; Wind farms; Wind power; Wind power generation; Sahel (African region)
• ISSN: 0036-8075; 1095-9203; 1095-9203
• DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5629

Energy generation by wind and solar farms could reduce carbon emissions and thus mitigate anthropogenic climate change. But is this its only benefit? Li et al. conducted experiments using a climate model to show that the installation of large-scale wind and solar power generation facilities in the Sahara could cause more local rainfall, particularly in the neighboring Sahel region. This effect, caused by a combination of increased surface drag and reduced albedo, could increase coverage by vegetation, creating a positive feedback that would further increase rainfall. Science , this issue p. 1019 Large wind and solar farms could increase local rainfall and vegetation cover in the Sahara. Wind and solar farms offer a major pathway to clean, renewable energies. However, these farms would significantly change land surface properties, and, if sufficiently large, the farms may lead to unintended climate consequences. In this study, we used a climate model with dynamic vegetation to show that large-scale installations of wind and solar farms covering the Sahara lead to a local temperature increase and more than a twofold precipitation increase, especially in the Sahel, through increased surface friction and reduced albedo. The resulting increase in vegetation further enhances precipitation, creating a positive albedo–precipitation–vegetation feedback that contributes ~80% of the precipitation increase for wind farms. This local enhancement is scale dependent and is particular to the Sahara, with small impacts in other deserts.