The antitumour activity of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) in TNF receptor-1 knockout mice

• Published in: British journal of cancer Vol. 87; no. 4; pp. 465 - 470
• Main Authors: ZHAO, L, CHING, L.-M, KESTELL, P, BAGULEY, B. C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basingstoke Nature Publishing Group 12.08.2002
• Subjects: Acids; Animals; Antigens, CD - genetics; Antineoplastic agents; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use; Biological and medical sciences; Cancer research; Chemotherapy; Clinical trials; Colonic Neoplasms - drug therapy; Colonic Neoplasms - metabolism; Colonic Neoplasms - pathology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug dosages; Experimental Therapeutics; Laboratories; Medical research; Medical sciences; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Necrosis; Neoplasm Transplantation; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor - genetics; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; Serotonin; Serotonin - metabolism; Time Factors; Toxicity; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - physiology; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumors; Xanthenes - pharmacokinetics; Xanthenes - therapeutic use; Xanthones; Antineoplastic agent; Carcinoma; Cytokine; Rodentia; Malignant tumor; Acetic acid derivative; Antivascular agent; Biological activity; Colonic disease; Signal transduction; Vertebrata; Chemotherapy; Mammalia; Treatment; Mouse; Tumor necrosis factor; Animal; Established cell line; Digestive diseases; Intestinal disease; Colon; Pharmacokinetics; Biological receptor
• ISSN: 0007-0920; 1532-1827
• DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600479

5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid, a novel antivascular anticancer drug, has completed Phase I clinical trial. Its actions in mice include tumour necrosis factor induction, serotonin release, tumour blood flow inhibition, and the induction of tumour haemorrhagic necrosis and regression. We have used mice with a targeted disruption of the tumour necrosis factor receptor-1 gene as recipients for the colon 38 carcinoma to determine the role of tumour necrosis factor signalling in the action of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid. The pharmacokinetics of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid, as well as the degree of induced plasma and tissue tumour necrosis factor, were similar in tumour necrosis factor receptor-1(-/-) and wild-type mice. However, the maximum tolerated dose of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid was considerably higher in tumour necrosis factor receptor-1(-/-) mice (>100 mg kg(-1)) than in wild-type mice (27.5 mg kg(-1)). The antitumour activity of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (25 mg kg(-1)) was strongly attenuated in tumour necrosis factor receptor-1(-/-) mice. However, the reduced toxicity in tumour necrosis factor receptor-1(-/-) mice allowed the demonstration that at a higher dose (50 mg kg(-1)), 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid was curative and comparable in effect to that of a lower dose (25 mg kg(-1)) in wild-type mice. The 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid -induced rise in plasma 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, used to reflect serotonin production in a vascular response, was larger in colon 38 tumour bearing than in non-tumour bearing tumour necrosis factor receptor-1(-/-) mice, but in each case the response was smaller than the corresponding response in wild-type mice. The results suggest an important role for tumour necrosis factor in mediating both the host toxicity and antitumour activity of 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid, but also suggest that tumour necrosis factor can be replaced by other vasoactive factors in its antitumour action, an observation of relevance to current clinical studies.