Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Coactivator 1 Coactivators, Energy Homeostasis, and Metabolism

• Published in: Endocrine reviews Vol. 27; no. 7; pp. 728 - 735
• Main Authors: Handschin, Christoph, Spiegelman, Bruce M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Oxford University Press 01.12.2006; Copyright by The Endocrine Society
• Subjects: Cardiomyopathies - genetics; Cardiomyopathies - physiopathology; Cardiomyopathy; Carrier Proteins - genetics; Carrier Proteins - physiology; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus - genetics; Diabetes Mellitus - physiopathology; Energy balance; Energy metabolism; Energy Metabolism - genetics; Energy Metabolism - physiology; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene regulation; Heat-Shock Proteins - genetics; Heat-Shock Proteins - physiology; Homeostasis; Homeostasis - genetics; Homeostasis - physiology; Humans; Metabolic pathways; Mitochondrial Diseases - genetics; Mitochondrial Diseases - physiopathology; Neurodegeneration; Neurodegenerative Diseases - genetics; Neurodegenerative Diseases - physiopathology; Obesity - genetics; Obesity - physiopathology; Oxidative metabolism; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Receptors; Transcription factors; Transcription Factors - genetics; Transcription Factors - physiology
• ISSN: 0163-769X; 1945-7189
• DOI: 10.1210/er.2006-0037

Many biological programs are regulated at the transcriptional level. This is generally achieved by the concerted actions of several transcription factors. Recent findings have shown that, in many cases, transcriptional coactivators coordinate the overall regulation of the biological programs. One of the best-studied examples of coactivator control of metabolic pathways is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 (PGC-1) family. These proteins are strong activators of mitochondrial function and are thus dominant regulators of oxidative metabolism in a variety of tissues. The PGC-1 coactivators themselves are subject to powerful regulation at the transcriptional and posttranslational levels. Recent studies have elucidated the function of the PGC-1 coactivators in different tissues and have highlighted the implications of PGC-1 dysregulation in diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiomyopathy, or neurodegeneration.