Material-process interactions in particle bed 3D printing and the underlying physics

• Published in: Cement and concrete research Vol. 156; p. 106748
• Main Authors: Lowke, Dirk, Mai, Inka, Keita, Emmanuel, Perrot, Arnaud, Weger, Daniel, Gehlen, Christoph, Herding, Friedrich, Zuo, Wenqiang, Roussel, Nicolas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elmsford Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2022; Elsevier BV; Elsevier
• Subjects: 3D printing; Additive manufacturing; Binding; Chemical and Process Engineering; Civil Engineering; Compressive strength; Engineering Sciences; Material properties; Materials; Particle bed binding; Process parameters; Selective binding; Selective cement activation; Selective paste intrusion; Three dimensional printing; Selective cement activation; Additive manufacturing; Selective paste intrusion; Selective binding; Particle bed binding; 3D printing; 3D Printing; Selective paste; Additive Manufacturing
• ISSN: 0008-8846; 1873-3948
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106748

This paper focuses on material-process interactions in particle bed binding. After a classification of particle bed binding techniques currently available for cement-based materials, the most important material-process interactions and their underlying physics are discussed in detail for the selective cement activation (SCA) and the selective paste intrusion technique (SPI). Here, we consider the sub-processes layer application, layer compaction, fluid application, fluid penetration and after printing treatment. We show that, by varying the material and process parameters in these sub-processes, the printing process and the resulting material properties of the printed component, such as compressive strength, durability and dimensional accuracy, can be specifically controlled. Furthermore, we illustrate how these sub-processes can be both understood and described on the basis of the underlying mechanisms and physically based material models.