High-energy gamma-rays and neutrons observed in very impulsive solar flare on 2012 June 3

• Published in: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Vol. 73; no. 6; pp. 1443 - 1469
• Main Authors: Kamiya, Kohki, Koga, Kiyokazu, Masuda, Satoshi, Matsumoto, Haruhisa, Muraki, Yasushi, Okudaira, Osamu, Shibata, Shoichi, Tajima, Hiroyasu, Tanaka, Yasuyuki, Yamamoto, Tokonatu, Watanabe, Kyoko
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford University Press 01.12.2021
• Subjects: Sun: flares; acceleration of particles; Sun: particle emissions
• ISSN: 0004-6264; 2053-051X
• DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psab089

Abstract An impulsive solar flare was observed on 2012 June 3 by the Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite. In this flare, a salient feature was recognized whereby high-energy ions were accelerated to a few GeV within one minute. Associated with this flare, high-energy gamma-rays as well as high-energy neutrons were detected by the Space Environment Data Acquisition equipment onboard the International Space Station. A remarkable feature found of this event was an exceedingly high n$/$γ-ratio observed between the intensities of high-energy neutrons and gamma-rays. To understand a high n$/$γ-ratio of about 600, the interaction processes between the accelerated ions and ambient solar atmosphere were simulated for various test cases, taking into account the magnetic field of the photosphere. The simulation was extended by using the GEANT4 code and it was shown that the observed results could be reproduced under certain conditions selected for the actual interaction process. The results suggest that helium and C, N, and O ions were predominantly accelerated in this flare, and that high-energy gamma-rays and neutrons were produced by interactions between the accelerated ions and the ambient gas. As a result, a high n$/$γ-ratio was produced.