Osteosarcoma: A comprehensive review of management and treatment strategies

• Published in: Annals of diagnostic pathology Vol. 49; p. 151654
• Main Authors: Jafari, Farzaneh, Javdansirat, Saeed, Sanaie, Sarvin, Naseri, Amirreza, Shamekh, Ali, Rostamzadeh, Davood, Dolati, Sanam
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.12.2020
• Subjects: Antibody; Cytokines; Immunotherapy; Metastasis; Osteosarcoma; Metastasis; Cytokines; Osteosarcoma; Antibody; Immunotherapy
• ISSN: 1092-9134; 1532-8198
• DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151654

Osteosarcoma, a bone cancer usually seen in children and young adults, is generally a high-grade malignancy presented by extreme metastases to the lungs. Osteosarcoma has a tendency for appearing in bones with rapid growth rate. The etiology of osteosarcoma is multifaceted and poorly understood. A molecular consideration of this disease will lead to a directed tumor treatment. The present treatment for osteosarcoma comprises of an arrangement of systemic chemotherapy and wide surgical resection. Survival rate is increased by the progress of destructive systemic chemotherapies. So, the development of new treatment approaches for metastatic osteosarcoma is essential. Immunomodulation has been used in clinical settings. Through targeting surface antigens expressed on tumor cells, particular antibodies and exploitation of cellular immunotherapy against sarcomas have been confirmed to be effective as cancer therapeutics. In this article, we have reviewed epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of osteosarcoma and we have focused on different methods of immunotherapy including vaccines, cell-based immunotherapy, cytokines, and monoclonal antibodies. •Osteosarcoma (OSA) is primary bone cancer usually in the youthful growth spurt.•Immune checkpoints inhibitors are examined in OSA immunotherapy.•Monoclonal antibodies have been studied in clinical trials for patients with OSA.•Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy may produce important clinical benefits.