A critical review of the novelties in the development of intravenous nanoemulsions

• Published in: European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics Vol. 191; pp. 36 - 56
• Main Authors: Czerniel, Joanna, Gostyńska, Aleksandra, Jańczak, Julia, Stawny, Maciej
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier B.V 01.10.2023
• Subjects: Emulsifiers; Intravenous nanoemulsion; Particles size; Regulatory aspects; Terminology; Regulatory aspects; Emulsifiers; Terminology; Particles size; Intravenous nanoemulsion
• ISSN: 0939-6411; 1873-3441
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.009

[Display omitted] •Intravenous nanoemulsions are fabricated using high- and low-energy methods.•Intravenous nanoemulsions can be used as a drug delivery system enhancing the bioavailability and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients.•Emulsifiers are critical ingredients in the development of intravenous nanoemulsions.•Intravenous nanoemulsions have to meet specific requirements to ensure patients’ safety.•A summary of future perspectives and potential applications of intravenous nanoemulsions are proposed. Nanoemulsions have gained increasing attention in recent years as a drug delivery system due to their ability to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. This systematic review aimed to collect and critically analyze recent novelties in developing, designing, and optimizing intravenous nanoemulsions appearing in articles published between 2017 and 2022. The applied methodology involved searching two electronic databases PubMed and Scopus, using the keyword “nanoemulsion” in combination with “intravenous” or “parenteral”. The resulting original articles were classified by the method of preparation into different categories. An overview of the current methods used for the preparation of such formulations, including high- and low-energy emulsification, was provided. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were discussed, as well as their potential impact on the properties of the developed intravenous nanoemulsions. The problem of inconsistency in intravenous nanoemulsion terminology may lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations of their properties and applications was also undertaken. Finally, the regulatory aspects of intravenous nanoemulsions, the state of the art in the field of intravenous emulsifiers, and the future perspectives were presented.