Size-dependent effects of niosomes on the penetration of methotrexate in skin layers

Background Niosomes hold promise as drug delivery systems for cancer treatment, with niosome size impacting stability, biodistribution, and effectiveness. This study optimized methotrexate (MTX)-loaded niosome formulation by studying the effects of components and processing conditions on size. The n...

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Published inFuture journal of pharmaceutical sciences Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 48 - 18
Main Authors Soni, Sakshi, Baghel, Kalpana, Soni, Murari Lal, Kashaw, Sushil K., Soni, Vandana
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2024
Springer Nature B.V
SpringerOpen
Subjects
B16-F10 cell lines
Cancer therapies
Chemotherapy
Cholesterol
Confocal microscopy
Drug delivery systems
Efficiency
Fourier transforms
Hydration
Laboratories
Lipids
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Melanoma
Microscopy
Niosomes
Penetration study
Radiation
Rhodamine B
Skin cancer
Spectrum analysis
Mumbai India
India
Confocal microscopy
Rhodamine B
B16-F10 cell lines
Niosomes
Penetration study
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Summary:Background Niosomes hold promise as drug delivery systems for cancer treatment, with niosome size impacting stability, biodistribution, and effectiveness. This study optimized methotrexate (MTX)-loaded niosome formulation by studying the effects of components and processing conditions on size. The niosomes formulation was made by the thin-film hydration technique. Results The optimized formulation (NIO 17) with a 6:2:2 ratio of span 60, soya PC, and cholesterol achieved 55.05% methotrexate encapsulation, particle size 597.2 nm, PDI 0.49, and zeta potential − 23.3 mV. The compatibility of methotrexate with lipids was confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy revealed spherical, well-dispersed vesicles. Differential scanning calorimetry indicated methotrexate conversion or entrapment within vesicles. In vitro release exhibited a sustained pattern with an initial burst. NIO 17 showed potent anti-cancer activity against B16-F10 cells (GI50: 38.7176 μg/mL). Ex vivo studies suggest tailoring niosome size (597.2–982.3 nm) to target specific skin depths (0–38 μm) for enhanced localized drug delivery. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential of methotrexate-loaded niosomes as a novel cancer therapy approach, highlighting the potent anti-cancer activity and transdermal delivery potential of NIO 17. Further research is necessary to explore its clinical translation. Graphical abstract
ISSN:2314-7253
2314-7245
2314-7253
DOI:10.1186/s43094-024-00624-2