Metabolic evaluation of high-risk stone formers: a retrospective study

• Published in: African journal of urology Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 6 - 5
• Main Authors: Parajuli, Purushottam, Luitel, Bhoj Raj, Pradhan, Manish Man, Chapagain, Suman, Poudyal, Sujeet, Chalise, Pawan Raj, Sharma, Uttam Kumar, Gyawali, Prem Raj
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2023; Springer; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Acidosis; Clinical medicine; Comparative analysis; Creatinine; Diabetes; Diet; Disease prevention; Family medical history; High-risk stone formers; Imaging; Laboratories; Medical research; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Medicine, Experimental; Metabolic abnormalities; Metabolic evaluation; Metabolic syndrome; Original Research; Oxalates; Oxalic acid; Patients; Phosphorus; Physiology; Potassium; Radiology; Renal stone; Surgery; Type 2 diabetes; Uric acid; Urine; Urogenital system; Urology; India; Renal stone; High-risk stone formers; Metabolic evaluation; Metabolic abnormalities
• ISSN: 1961-9987; 1110-5704; 1961-9987
• DOI: 10.1186/s12301-023-00336-8

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the metabolic abnormalities in high-risk stone formers. Methods This was a retrospective observational study done at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal, over 1-year period. High-risk stone formers were identified and were evaluated with serum chemistries and 24-h urinary chemical evaluation. Stone analysis was also included whenever available. Common metabolic abnormalities and stone analysis results were reported and compared with different studies. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD. Categorical variables were expressed as percentage and proportions. Results During 1 year of period, sixty-five patients had undergone extensive metabolic evaluation, but complete data were available for only forty-six patients. Of the total patients ( n  = 46), 63% were male ( n  = 29) and rest (36.9%) were female. Mean age of patients was 34.4 ± 15.1 years. Common reasons for metabolic evaluation were multiple stones (40%), bilateral stones (27%), recurrent stones (17%) and others (16%). Most common stone type was mixed stone with predominant composition being calcium oxalate mono- and dihydrate (62.9%). Twenty-four-hour urinary metabolic evaluation showed hyperoxaluria (32.6%) as most common abnormalities followed by hypocitraturia (21.7%) and hypocalciuria (21.7%). Conclusion Hyperoxaluria and hypocitraturia are common metabolic abnormalities in our patients. These findings help in counselling dietary measures to patients.