Defining polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype in Vietnamese women

• Published in: The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research Vol. 45; no. 11; pp. 2209 - 2219
• Main Authors: Cao, Ngoc Thanh, Le, Minh Tam, Nguyen, Vu Quoc Huy, Pilgrim, Justin, Le, Viet Nguyen Sa, Le, Dinh Duong, Pham, Chi Kong, Aharon, Devora, Hill, Micah J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kyoto, Japan John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 01.11.2019; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Adult; anovulation; Anovulation - ethnology; Anovulation - etiology; Anti-Mullerian Hormone - blood; Asian Continental Ancestry Group - statistics & numerical data; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone - blood; Genotype & phenotype; Hirsutism; Hirsutism - ethnology; Hirsutism - etiology; Humans; Luteinizing hormone; Luteinizing Hormone - blood; Menopause; Menstrual cycle; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Ovaries; Ovary - pathology; PCOS; Phenotype; phenotype; Vietnam; Phenotypes; Physical characteristics; Polycystic ovary syndrome; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - blood; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - ethnology; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - pathology; Population; Reproductive status; Risk factors; Southeast Asian; Testosterone; Ultrasound; Vietnam; Young Adult; Vietnam; Southeast Asian; hirsutism; PCOS; anovulation; phenotype; Vietnam
• ISSN: 1341-8076; 1447-0756
• DOI: 10.1111/jog.14097

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the unique phenotype of the Vietnamese polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) population. Methods In this multicenter cross‐sectional descriptive study, a total of 901 reproductive‐age women were recruited at three medical centers in Vietnam from June 2016 to May 2018. Group I included 479 patients with PCOS (Rotterdam 2003 consensus) and Group II included 422 non‐PCOS women, consisted of women with regular menstrual cycle, collected at the same time of PCOS recruitment, without ovarian disease or ovarian failure. Main outcome measures were anthropomorphic, serum hormone, ultrasound and physical characteristics of PCOS. Results The Vietnamese PCOS population was lean, but with a higher weight and body mass index compared to controls. About 34.4% of PCOS subjects had hirsutism, primarily confined to the leg, arm and pubis. The PCOS population had higher serum luteinizing hormone (LH), LH : follicle stimulating hormone ratio, anti‐Mullerian hormone and testosterone. The PCOS population had double the ovarian volume compared to controls. PCOS subjects had no increase in metabolic disease history and had on average optimal serum markers for low metabolic disease risk. Group D (O + polycystic ovary morphology [PCOM]) was the most prevalent phenotype noted in our Vietnamese PCOS cohort (67.6%). Modified Ferriman–Gallwey, levels of LH, testosterone and anti‐Mullerian hormone were highest in Group A (O + H + PCOM) and lowest in Group D (O + PCOM). Conclusion The Vietnamese PCOS population is characterized by a lean body type, nonfacial hirsutism, anovulatory, enlarged ovaries and typical PCOS serum hormone markers, low risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Nonclassical phenotypes for PCOS were more frequent than the classic phenotype.